List of Antarctic Expeditions - 19th Century

19th Century

• 1780s to 1839 American and British whalers and sealers make incidental discoveries
• 1819 William Smith discovers South Shetland Islands (62°00′S 058°00′W / 62°S 58°W / -62; -58), the first ever land discovered south of 60° south latitude.
• 1819 San Telmo wrecks in the Drake Passage off Livingston Island
• 1819–1821 Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen – on 27 January 1820, discovers Antarctica mainland at Princess Martha Coast (69°21′28″S 2°14′50″W / 69.35778°S 2.24722°W / -69.35778; -2.24722)
• 1820 Edward Bransfield with William Smith as his pilot – on 30 January 1820, sight Trinity Peninsula (63°37′S 058°20′W / 63.617°S 58.333°W / -63.617; -58.333) – now the Antarctic Peninsula.
• 1820 Nathaniel Palmer sights Antarctica on 17 November 1820
• 1821 George Powell, a British sealer, and Daniel B. Palmer, an American sealer, discover the South Orkney Islands. Powell annexes them for the British.
• 1821 John Davis – on 7 February 1821 disputed claim of setting foot on Antarctica at Hughes Bay (64°13′S 61°20′W / 64.217°S 61.333°W / -64.217; -61.333)
• 1823–1824 James Weddell discovers the Weddell Sea; – on 20 February 1823 his ship Jane (160 tons) reached a new Farthest South of 74° 15′ S (74°15′S 30°12′W / 74.25°S 30.2°W / -74.25; -30.2)
• 1830–1833. – Southern Ocean Expedition led by John Biscoe, an English sealer; circumnavigates the continent, sets foot on Anvers Island, names and annexes Graham Land, discovers Biscoe Islands, Queen Adelaide Island (67°15′S 68°30′W / 67.25°S 68.5°W / -67.25; -68.5) and sights Enderby Land (67°30′S 53°0′E / 67.5°S 53°E / -67.5; 53)
• 1837–1840 Second French Antarctic Expedition – led by Jules Dumont d'Urville; discovers Adelie Land and sets foot on an islet of Geologie Archipelago (66°36′19″S 140°4′0″E / 66.60528°S 140.066667°E / -66.60528; 140.066667) 4 km from the mainland to take mineral and animal samples (66° S)
• 1838–1839 John Balleny discovers Balleny Islands (66°55′S 163°45′E / 66.917°S 163.75°E / -66.917; 163.75)
• 1838–1842 United States Exploring Expedition – led by Charles Wilkes to Antarctic Peninsula (69°30′S 065°00′W / 69.5°S 65°W / -69.5; -65) and eastern Antarctica; discovers "Termination Barrier" ("Shackleton Ice Shelf)
• 1839–1843 James Clark Ross discovered the Ross Ice Shelf, Ross Sea, Mount Erebus, Mount Terror and Victoria Land; extended his Farthest South to 78° 10′ S on 23 January 1842
• 1872–1876 H. M. S. Challenger under Capt. George S. Nares, becomes the first steamship to cross the Antarctic Circle; reopens the study of oceanography in the region after a 30-year gap.
• 1892–1893 Carl Anton Larsen led the first Norwegian expedition to Antarctica aboard the ship Jason. Larsen became the first person to ski in Antarctica where the Larsen Ice Shelf was named after him.
• 1892–1893 Dundee Whaling Expedition discover Dundee Island (63°30′S 055°55′W / 63.5°S 55.917°W / -63.5; -55.917)
• 1893–1894 Carl Anton Larsen led the second Norwegian expedition to Antarctica
• 1893–1895 Henryk Bull, Carstens Borchgrevink and Alexander von Tunzelmann – set foot on Antarctica at Cape Adare
• 1897–1899 Belgian Antarctic Expedition – led by Adrien de Gerlache
• 1898–1900 Southern Cross Expedition, Carsten Borchgrevink – sails to Cape Adare, winters on Antarctica and takes Farthest South on 16 February 1900 at 78° 50′ S