Edelstein (meaning "gemstone") is a predominantly Jewish surname of Germanic origin, and may refer to:
- David Edelstein
- Gordon Edelstein
- Jakob Edelstein, the first Judenältester (Jewish Elder) in the Theresienstadt ghetto
- Joseph Edelstein, b. Dec. 10, 1858 - d. Sep. 24, 1940, Manhattan, New York County, New York, USA - Yiddish Theater Theatrical Manager and Theater Owner and Director.
- Pauline Edelstein, b. Feb. 10, 1866, Iasi, Romania - d. Sep. 27, 1942, Manhattan, New York - A Yiddish Theatre actress and wife of Joseph Edelstein.
- Lisa Edelstein
- Ludwig Edelstein
- Morris Michael Edelstein
- Yoel Edelstein
- William A. Edelstein
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