Facial Motor Nucleus - Additional Images

Additional Images

The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue.
Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented; lateral view.
Cross section of the lower pons showing the facial motor nucleus and part of the root of the facial nerve.

Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: pons (TA A14.1.05.101–604, GA 9.785)

Dorsal/
(tegmentum)

Surface	Cerebellopontine angle · Superior medullary velum · Sulcus limitans · Medial eminence · Facial colliculus

White: Sensory/ascending	Trapezoid body/VIII · Trigeminal lemniscus (Dorsal trigeminal tract, Ventral trigeminal tract) · Medial lemniscus · Lateral lemniscus MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Central tegmental tract

White: Motor/descending	ICP (Vestibulocerebellar tract) MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)

Grey: Cranial nuclei	afferent: GSA: Principal V/Spinal V · VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Superior) efferent: SVE: Motor V · VII · GSE: VI · GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus

Other grey	Apneustic center · Pneumotaxic center (Medial parabrachial nucleus) · Lateral parabrachial nucleus · Superior olivary nucleus · Caerulean nucleus

Ventral/
(base)

Grey	Pontine nuclei

White: Motor/descending	Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine fibers MCP (Pontocerebellar fibers)

Surface	Basilar sulcus

Other grey: Raphe/
reticular

Reticular formation (Caudal, Oral, Tegmental, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Median)

M: CNS

anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei (TA A14.2.01, GA 9.855)

olfactory (AON->I)

olfactory bulb
olfactory tract

optic (LGN->II)

optic chiasm
optic tract

oculomotor
(ON, EWN->III)

superior branch
- parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion
inferior branch

trochlear (TN->IV)

no significant branches

trigeminal
(PSN, TSN, MN, TMN->V)

trigeminal ganglion
ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

abducens (AN->VI)

no significant branches

facial (FMN, SN, SSN->VII)

near origin	nervus intermedius geniculate

inside facial canal	greater petrosal pterygopalatine ganglion nerve to the stapedius chorda tympani lingual nerve submandibular ganglion

at stylomastoid foramen	posterior auricular suprahyoid digastric stylohyoid parotid plexus temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical

vestibulocochlear
(VN, CN->VIII)

cochlear
- striae medullares
- lateral lemniscus
vestibular
- Scarpa's ganglion

glossopharyngeal
(NA, ISN, SN->IX)

before jugular fossa	ganglia superior inferior

after jugular fossa	tympanic tympanic plexus lesser petrosal otic ganglion stylopharyngeal branch pharyngeal branches tonsillar branches lingual branches carotid sinus

vagus
(NA, DNVN, SN->X)

before jugular fossa	ganglia superior inferior

after jugular fossa	meningeal branch auricular branch

neck	pharyngeal branch pharyngeal plexus superior laryngeal external internal recurrent laryngeal (inferior) superior cervical cardiac

thorax	inferior cardiac pulmonary vagal trunks anterior posterior

abdomen	celiac renal hepatic anterior gastric posterior gastric

accessory (NA, SAN->XI)

cranial
spinal

hypoglossal (HN->XII)

lingual branches

M: PNS

anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1B)

Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi

Sensory/
ascending

PCML

1°: Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus

2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)

3°: → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus

Anterolateral/
pain

Fast/lateral	1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex) 2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)

Slow/medial	1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)

Motor/
descending

Pyramidal	flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction

Extrapyramidal	flexion: Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles flexion: Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck

Basal ganglia	direct: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex) indirect: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex) nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum

Cerebellar

Afferent

Vestibular nucleus → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell

Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell

Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei

Efferent

Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex

Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex

Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nucleus

Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar

Unc. prop.	lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis) upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)

Reflex arc	lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis) upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)

M: CNS

anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: PNS

anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (N1B)

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