Chinese Dialects

Sichuanese Mandarin - Vocabulary - Relation With Other Chinese Dialects
... If one selects the Chengdu dialect to represent Sichuanese, and compare its lexicon with other varieties of Chinese, we can try to find the relationship ... Sichuanese shares the most similar vocabulary with Yunnanese, a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in the neighboring province ... However, the relationship between Sichuanese and Northern Mandarin dialects, including the standard language, is weaker than the relationship between Xiang and Gan ...

Singaporean Mandarin - History
... Before the 20th century, Old-style private Chinese school known as sīshú (私塾) in Singapore generally used Chinese dialects (such as Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, etc ... influence from the New Culture Movement in China, the local Old-style private Chinese school in Singapore began to follow the new education reform as advocated by China's reformist ... Thus, the language of medium in school changed from other Chinese dialects to Mandarin Chinese or Guóyǔ (國語) ...

Sino-Japanese Vocabulary - Phonetic Correspondences Between Modern Chinese and On'yomi
... words do not resemble the Modern Standard Chinese pronunciations at all ... - 9th centuries AD, from Early Middle Chinese into Old Japanese ... Middle Chinese had a much more complex syllable structure than Old Japanese, as well as many more vowel and consonant differences ...

Tonal Languages - Phonetic Notation - Asia
... In the Chinese tradition, numerals are assigned to various tones (see Tone number) ... For instance, Standard Chinese has four lexically contrastive tones, and the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 are assigned to four tones ... Chinese dialects are traditionally described in terms of four tonal categories ping 'level', shang 'rising', qu 'exiting', ru 'entering', based on the traditional ...