Vexilloids of Ancient Empires
- The Achaemenid Empire used a stylized falcon on its vexilloid, which is pictured at right.
- The vexilloid of Alexander the Great's Macedonian Empire displayed the Vergina Sun, shown at right.
- The symbol of the Mauryan Empire was the Ashoka Chakra.
- The vexilloid of Carthage most probably consisted of a spear with a disk and crescent (points upwards), symbolizing the god Baal (sun = disk) and the goddess Tanit (moon = crescent).
- The vexillum of the Roman Empire, shown at the top right of this article, displayed the slogan (senātus populusque Rōmānus), "the Senate and the Roman people," in gold on a field of crimson.
- The Sassanian Empire, which is called Eran Shahr (Aryan Empire) in Middle Persian, used a symbol similar to the sun cross on its vexilloid, which is called the Derafsh Kaviani.
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