Old Church Slavonic Grammar - Conjunctions and Particles

Conjunctions and Particles

Conjunctions and particles are not easily separable because they sometimes function as an intensifier, and sometimes as a conjunction.

<li>a, ali "but" - (proclitic), setting two parts of a statement in opposition
• ako, jako, ěko "that, so that, how, when, as" - (proclitic) introducing indirect or direct speech; highly context-dependent
• ašte "if, whether" - (proclitic) a conditional particle, also used to generalize relative pronouns
• bo "for, because" - (enclitic) denoting caustive relationships (i + bo = ibo, u + bo = ubo)
• da "in order that" - (proclitic) introducing final result
• i "and; even, too" - (proclitic) connecting clauses or used as an adverb within a clause
• ide "for, since" - (proclitic)
• jegda, jegdaže "when, if" - (proclitic)
• jeda "surely not" - (proclitic), introducing a question expecting a negative answer
• li "or", li...li "either... or" - (proclitic or enclitic) generally when forming a question; when enclitic, usually a direct question, when proclitic, taking the meaning "or"
• ne "not", ne...ni "neither... nor" - ne generally occurs before the negated item, occurring usually once in the main clause, but ni may occur several times in the same clause
• nъ "but" - (proclitic) connecting two clauses
• to "then, so" - (proclitic) correlative to ašte
• že "on the other hand, or, and" - (enclitic) the commonest particle functioning both as an intensifier and a conjunction; often bound to pronouns and adverbs (jakože, nikъto že)