Writing System
| History of the Mongols |
| Before Genghis Khan |
| Khamag Mongol |
| Mongol Empire |
| Khanates |
| - Chagatai Khanate |
| - Golden Horde |
| - Ilkhanate |
| - Yuan Dynasty |
| Northern Yuan |
| Timurid Empire |
| Mughal Empire |
| Crimean Khanate |
| Khanate of Sibir |
| Nogai Horde |
| Astrakhan Khanate |
| Kazan Khanate |
| Zunghar Khanate |
| Mongolia during Qing |
| Outer Mongolia (1911-1919) |
| Republic of China (Occupation of Mongolia) |
| Mongolian People's Republic (Outer Mongolia) |
| Modern Mongolia |
| Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) |
| People's Republic of China (Inner Mongolia) |
| Republic of Buryatia |
| Kalmyk Republic |
| Hazara Mongols |
| Aimak Mongols |
| Timeline |
In the 17th century, Zaya Pandita, a Gelug monk of the Khoshut tribe, devised a new writing system called Todo Bichig (clear script) for use by the Oirat people. This system was developed on the basis of the older Mongolian script, but had a more developed system of diacritics to exclude misreading, and reflected some lexic and grammar differences of the Oirat language from Mongolian.
The Todo Bichig writing system remained in use in Kalmykia (Russia) until the mid-1920s when it was replaced by a Latin-based script, and later the Cyrillic alphabet. It can be seen in some public signs in the Kalmyk capital, Elista, and is superficially taught in schools. In Mongolia it was likewise replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet in 1941. Some Oirats in China still use Todo Bichig as their primary writing system, as well as Mongolian script.
Read more about this topic: Oirats
Famous quotes containing the words writing and/or system:
“...Often the accurate answer to a usage question begins, “It depends.” And what it depends on most often is where you are, who you are, who your listeners or readers are, and what your purpose in speaking or writing is.”
—Kenneth G. Wilson (b. 1923)
“Nobody is glad in the gladness of another, and our system is one of war, of an injurious superiority. Every child of the Saxon race is educated to wish to be first. It is our system; and a man comes to measure his greatness by the regrets, envies, and hatreds of his competitors.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)