The Black Seminoles is a term used by modern historians for the descendants of free blacks and some runaway slaves (maroons), mostly Gullahs who escaped from coastal South Carolina and Georgia rice plantations into the Spanish Florida wilderness beginning as early as the late 17th century. By the early 19th century, they had often formed communities near the Seminole Indians.
Together, the two groups formed a multi-ethnic and bi-racial alliance. Today, Black Seminole descendants still live in Florida, rural communities in Oklahoma and Texas, and in the Bahamas and Northern Mexico. In the 19th century, the Florida "Black Seminoles" were called "Seminole Negroes" by their white American enemies and Estelusti (Black People), by their Indian allies. Modern Black Seminoles are known as "Seminole Freedmen" in Oklahoma, "Black Indians" in the Bahamas, and Mascogos in Mexico. The Black Seminole Scouts served in the United States Army during the 19th century.
Read more about Black Seminoles: Origins, Culture, African-Seminole Relations, Seminole Wars, In The West, Seminole Freedmen Exclusion Controversy
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... Similarly, in 2000, the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma's attempted to exclude two bands of Seminole Freedmen from membership to avoid including them in settlement of land claims in Florida, where Seminole Freedmen had ... Since 1942, the Seminole have at times tried to exclude Black Seminoles from the tribe ... More recently, the Seminole refused to share with them the revenues of 20th-century US government settlements of land claims ...
... In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), Seminole Freedmen in Oklahoma were in the national news because of a legal dispute with the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma over ... Black Seminoles believed that due to their ancestral descent from the tribe, they should be included in services provided by a $56 million federal settlement, a judgment trust, awarded ... As the judgment trust was based on the tribe as it existed in 1823, when Black Seminoles did not have citizenship rights, Seminole Freedmen were excluded from the benefits ...
... Freedmen of the "five civilized tribes" (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaw, and Chickasaw Freedmen) ... In addition, some Maroon communities allied with the Seminole in Florida and intermarried ... The Black Seminole included those with and without Native American ancestry ...
... In the early 1872 a number of Black Seminole Indians living along the border were organized into a company of scouts and brought to Fort Clark ... In 1914 the Black Seminoles were removed from the Fort Clark reservation, but some of their descendants still live in the county ... The Seminole Indian Scouts cemetery was founded on Fort Clark in 1872 ...
1807/1810–1857), was a leading Seminole chieftain during the later stages of the Second Seminole War as well as the nephew of Micanopy ... say Wild Cat was born to King Philip (or Ee-mat-la) in Yulaka, a Seminole village along the St ... As tensions mounted between Seminoles and local settlers following the purchase of Florida by the United States in 1821, Seminole tribes encouraged the escape of slaves in ...
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