Drugs and Conditions That Have A Negative Bathmotropic Effect
- Hypercalcemia - decreases permeability to sodium, hyperpolarizes membrane.
- Propranolol
- Quinidine and other Class A Antiarrhythmic agents - block the voltage gated sodium channels
- Calcium channel blockers - in general have negative bathmotropic effects
- Parasympathetic stimulation - decreases excitability only of atrial muscle cells
- Hyponatremia - decreases external sodium concentration
- Marked hyperkalemia - causes a marked depolarization of the resting membrane potential
- Hypokalemia - hyper polarization of the resting membrane potential
- Acetylcholine - same as parasympathetic stimulation
- Marked hypoxia - causes a marked depolarization of the resting membrane potential
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