Supreme Leader - List of Titles - 1930s and Earlier

1930s and Earlier

• Benito Mussolini, former dictator, Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the National Fascist Party was titled Duce, which means Leader.
• Antanas Smetona, the authoritarian president of Lithuania, adopted the title of Tautos Vadas ("Leader of the Nation")
• Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, was known as der Führer ("the leader").
• Francisco Franco, dictator of Francoist Spain, assumed the title Caudillo, originally an honorary title for an army leader.
• Birger Furugård, leader of the Swedish National Socialist Party had the title of Riksledaren ("National Leader").
• Ioannis Metaxas, Greek dictator during the 4th of August Regime from 1936 until his death in 1941, assumed the title of Αρχηγός (Archigós, ) meaning "leader".
• Chiang Kai-shek, de facto leader of the Republic of China, was sometimes referred as lingxiu (Chinese: 領袖)
• Joseph Stalin, de facto leader of the Soviet Union, decreed that he was to be officially designated as вождь translit. Vožd (Chief, Leader) from his fiftieth birthday in 1929.
• Rafael Trujillo, Dominican dictator from 1930 to 1961, assumed the nickname of "El Jefe" ("The Boss")
• Subhas Chandra Bose, an Indian revolutionary in the Indian independence movement, was known as Netaji (Respected Leader).
• Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg, austrofascist leaders of Austria from 1933 to 1938, were referred to as Bundesführer ("leader federal") as heads of the Patriotic Front.