This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter L:
|
Name |
Type |
Circle |
Bench |
Formed |
Notes |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lage | Lordship | |||||
| Landau | 1201: Imperial City | Upp Rhen | 1515: Member of the Décapole 1648: Annexed to France 1815: Annexed to Bavaria |
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| Landsberg | Principality | |||||
| Landsberg-Osterland | Margraviate | 1032 | 1291: Annexed to Meißen | |||
| Langwies | Jurisdiction | |||||
| Lauenburg see: Saxe-Lauenburg |
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| Laurenburg | County | 1093 | 1197: Annexed to Nassau | |||
| Lausanne | Bishopric 1270: Prince-Bishopric |
1011 | 1536: Secularized by Bern | |||
| Lausanne | Imperial City | 1434 | 1536: Conquered by Bern | |||
| Lavant (St. Andra) | 1228: Bishopric Prince-Bishopric |
Aust | c1320 | Dietrich, 1st Prince-Bishop, 1318-1332 Since 22nd Bishop, Theobald Schweinbeck, 1446–1463, bishops borne title of Prince |
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| Lebus | Prince-Bishopric | Diocese acquired from Poland in 1248, effective condominium of Brandenburg and Magdeburg, secularized in 1555, merged into Brandenburg in 1598. | ||||
| Leiningen Count of Leiningen & Dagsburg, Lord of Aspremont, Oberstein, Bruch, Bürgel & Reipoltskirchen, etc. |
1128: County | early 12th Century | 1128: 1st mention of "Count of Leiningen" 1220: 1st line of Counts of Leiningen extinct; passed by marriage to Counts of Saarbrücken 1220: Acquired Lordship of Hardenburg from Saarbrücken inheritance 1225/1241: Inherited HRE County of Dagsburg 1310: Partitioned into Leiningen-Dachsburg (extinct 1467) and Leiningen-Leiningen 1312: Acquired Landvogt in Lower Alsace 1444: Secured from Emperor Frederick III rank of Landgrave in Alsace 1467: Passed by female succession to Lords of Westerburg (Leiningen-Westerburg line) |
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| Leiningen-Billigheim Count of Leiningen, Lord of Billigheim, Allfeld, Mühlbach, Katzenthal, and Neuburg at the Neckar, Count of Dagsburg & Aspremont |
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| Leiningen-Dachsburg Leiningen-Dagsburg |
1593–1688, 1658-1709: County | Upp Rhen | 1310: Partitioned from Leiningen 1593: Partitioned from Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg 1688: Line extinct Partitioned from Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim 1709: Line extinct |
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| Leiningen-Hartenburg Leiningen-Hardenburg Prince of Leiningen, Count-Palatine of Mosbach, Lord of Miltenberg, Amorbach, Düren, Bischofsheim, Hardheim & Lauda, etc. |
County 1779: HRE Principality |
Upp Rhen | 1343: Partitioned from Leiningen-Dachsburg 1466: Acquired Lords in Lorraine 1467: Inherited Dagsburg and changed its name to Leiningen-Dagsburg |
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| Leiningen-Leiningen | County | 1310: Partitioned from Leiningen | 1467: Annexed to Westerburg | |||
| Leiningen-Neuburg Count of Leiningen, Lord of Herzbolzheim, Count of Dagsburg & Aspremont |
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| Leiningen-Westerburg Count of Leiningen, Lord of Westerburg, Grünstadt, Oberbrunn & Forbach |
1467: County | 1705: Division into Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen and Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen | ||||
| Lemgo | Imperial Free City | Low Rhen | RH | Annexed to Lippe | ||
| Leuchtenberg | 1196: Landgraviate 1376: HRE Landgraviate 1440: HRE Princely Landgraviate |
Bav | early 12th Century | 1119: Acquired by Lordship of Waldeck through marriage 1158: 1st mention of Count of Leuchtenberg 1209: Division into Waldeck and Leuchtenberg 1366: Territorial division (Vesten zu Leuchtenberg/Pfreimd and Pleystein/Reichenstein/Grafenwohr) Acquired County of Hals 1476: Division of County of Hals 1486: Hals sold to Counts of Aichberg 1500: Bavarian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1646: Male line extinct Sold Leuchtenberg and Waldeck to Bavaria 1707-1708: To B. of Bamberg 1708: To HRE Princes of Lamberg 1770: Annexed to Bavaria |
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| Leutkirch im Allgäu | Imperial Free City | Swab | SW | 1803: Annexed to Bavaria 1810: Annexed to Württemberg |
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| Leyen HRE Prince of and at Leyen & Hohengeroldseck, Baron of Adendorf, Lord of Bliescastel, Burrweiler, Münchweiler,Orterbach, Niewern, Saffig, Ahrenfels, Bongard, Simpelfeld, etc. |
Lordship 1653: HRE Barony 1711: HRE County 1806: Prince |
c1296 | c1420: Partitioned into Neustadt and Saffig 1667 owners of immediate knightly possession of Burrweiler 1705: immediate Lord of Hohengeroldseck 1711: Imperial Estate |
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| Lichtenberg | 1458: HRE County | 1206: 1st mention of Lichtenberg family 1246: 1st mention of Lichtenberg castle 1249: Secured Imperial Advocacy of Strassburg 1480: Male line extinct; territories passed, through females, to Counts of Hanau and Counts of Zweibrücken-Bitsch 1570: Portion of extinct Counts of Zweibrücken-Bitsch inherited by Hanau 1817: Became an exclave of Saxe-Coburg 1834: Bought by Prussia |
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| Lichtenthal | Abbacy | |||||
| Liechtenstein Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau & Jägerndorf, Count of Rietberg, etc |
1608: HRE Princely rank for Liechtenstein family 1712: Principality of Liechtenstein 1719: HRE Principality |
Swab | 1699: Purchased Lordship of Schellenberg 1707: Admission to College of Princes of Swabia 1712: Purchased County of Vaduz 1713: HRE Council of Princes 1719: Establishment of the Principality of Liechtenstein from Hohenems-Vaduz and Schellenberg 1806: Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined the German Confederation |
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| Liège (Lüttich, Liege) | Bishopric | Low Rhen | EC | 972 | 1793: Council of Princes 1795: Annexed to France |
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| Ligne HRE Prince of Ligne & Amblise/Amblia, Margrave of Roubaix/Roubais & Dormans, Count of Fauquemberghe, Baron of Werchin, Beloeil, Antoing, Cisoing, Villiers, Silly & Herzelles; Sovereign of Fagnolle; Lord of Baudour, Wallincourt,& other lands |
1544: HRE County 1601: HRE Principality |
1503: non-immediate Counts of Faucquenberg Immediate Lords 1770: Counts of Fagnolle 1786: Estate of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Imperial Circle |
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| Limburg (County) | 1242: County of Isenberg-Limburg | 1242-1508: To Counts of (Isenberg) Limburg 1508-1542: Inherited by the Counts of Dhaun-Falkenstein 1542-1592: Passed by marriage to the Counts of Neuenahr-Alpen 1592-1610: Inherited by Bentheim 1610-1626: To Bentheim-Limburg 1626-1629: To Bentheim-Alpen 1629-1817: To Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda 1289: Acquired Altenhof and Styrum 1370: Acquired Neu-Isenburg 1422: Acquired Bedburg 1422: Acquired Hackenbroich 16..: Acquired Aichheim 1640: Acquired Gemen 1664: Acquired a portion of Bronchhorst Area: 118 km² |
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| Limburg-Broich | 1439-1508: County | 1439: Partitioned from Limburg-Styrum | 1442; Dukes of Berg gained overlordship from Dukes of Cleves 1449: Counts of Limburg-Broich embroiled in succession dispute with Neuenahr-Alpen over County of Limburg 1449: Shared rule over County of Limburg with Counts of Neuenahr-Alpen 1508: Inherited by Wirich V of Dhaun-Falkenstein who married Amoena of Sayn, adopted heiress of John of Limburg-Broich |
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| Limburg-Hohelimburg | 1246-1304: County | 1246: Partitioned from Counties of Altena and Isenberg | 1304: United with Limburg-Styrum | |||
| Limburg | 1106: Duchy | Burg | PR | c1100 | 1155: the Lords of Limburg separated from Lower Lorraine and became independent dukes 1288: Passed to Brabant 1512: Burgundian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1648: Spain ceded the Counties of Dalhem and Falkenberg and the town of Maastricht to the United Provinces 1714: Southern Limburg passed to the Habsburg dominions of Austrian Netherlands 1794-1814: To France Area: 118 km² |
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| Limburg-Styrum Count of Limburg and Bronckhorst, Lord of Styrum, Wisch, Borkelo and Gemen, Hereditary Banner-Lord of the Principality of Gelderland and the County of Zütphen |
1271: County | 1271 | Mediatised in 1806 Several partitions which did not outlast it |
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| Limburg-Styrum-Borkelö | 1766: County | |||||
| Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst | 1766: County | |||||
| Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst-Borkelö | 1644: County | 1644: Partitioned from Limburg-Styrum 1766: Division into Limburg-Styrum-Borkelo and Limburg-Styrum-Bronchhorst |
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| Limburg-Styrum-Gemen | 1644-1782: HRE County | 1644: Partitioned from Limburg-Styrum | 1657: Division into Limburg-Styrum-Gemen and Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim Bench of Counts of Westphalia 1782: To Limburg-Styrum-Iller-Aichheim |
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| Limpurg | County | Franc | 1500: Franconian Circle 1806: Mediatised to Württemberg |
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| Lindau | 810: Abbacy 1466: Princess-Abbess |
1802: Secularized 1804: To Austria 1805: To Bavaria |
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| Lindau | 1275: Imperial Free City | Swab | SW | 1274 | 1802: Annexed to Pr. of Bretzenheim 1804: Annexed to Austria 1806: Annexed to Bavaria |
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| Lingen | County | Low Rhen | 1597: Occupied by Nassau-Orange 1605: To Spain 1633: To Nassau-Orange 1702: Inherited by Prussia |
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| Lippe HRE Prince, Count & Noble Lord of Lippe, Count of Schwalenberg & Sternberg, Hereditary Burgrave of Utrecht |
1129: Lordship 1529: Imperial County |
Low Rhen | WE | 1129: Allodium within the older Duchy of Saxony 1180: Partitioned from the older Duchy of Saxony |
Before 1180: Part of older Duchy of Saxony, till emperor deposed Henry the Lion 1449: Partly and 1517 completely subjected as fief of Hesse-Cassel 1536: Partitioned into Lippe-Detmold and Sternberg and Pyrmont 1614: Division into Lippe-Detmold, Lippe-Brake, Lippe-Schwalenberg and Lippe-Alverdissen |
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| Lippe-Detmold Prince, Count and Noble Lord of Lippe, Count of Schwalenberg & Sternberg, Hereditary Burgrave of Utrecht |
County 1720: Principality of Imperial immediacy 1789: HRE Prince 1815: Sovereign and renamed into Lippe 1918: Free State of Lippe 1947: Merged in North Rhine-Westphalia |
1614: Partitioned from Lippe | 1709: Lippe-Brake incorporated into Lippe-Detmold 1749: Lippe-Alverdissen line extinct 1763: Purchase of mediatised Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Biesterfeld-Weißenfeld 1807: Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1815: Joined the German Confederation 1866: Joined the North German Confederation 1871: Joined Germany (Empire) Lippe-Detmold line extinct, Lippe-Biesterfeld ascended the throne |
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| Livonia | 1201: Prince-Bishopric | |||||
| Livonian Order | 1202: Founded by Albert of Buxhoeveden | |||||
| Lobkowitz Prince Lobkowitz, Duke of Roudnice, Princely Counts of Sternstein, etc. |
1624: HRE Prince | 1300s: Lobkowitz 1st mentioned Acquired Princely County of Sternstein 1806: Mediatised to Bavaria 1814: Sternstein sold to Bavaria |
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| Lommersum | Acquired by Schasberg | |||||
| Loon (Looz in French) Duke and HRE Princely Count of Looz, Hesbaye/Hasbanien/Haspengau, Hoorn/Horne/Hornes, Niel/Nyel, Duke of Corswarem-Looz, Count of Fresing and Nieurlet, Upper-Court-Lord of the City and the Castellany of Cassel, Margrave of Ligny, Tongrinne and Pont-d'Oie, Baron of Longchamps and Cranewyck, Vice-Count of St. Gertrude at Liernu, Lord of the free City of Wavre, the City of Fleurus and the Lordships of Landelis, Bommeree, Denee, St. Marie, Vitry, Grand-Lez, Betisart, Clermont, Veleine, and other places |
1000s: County of Loon | 944 | 1366: Annexed to Bp. of Liège | |||
| Lorraine | 1048: Duchy | Upp Rhen | 925: Duchy of Lorraine (Lotharingia) part of the Holy Roman Empire 959: Administrative division into Upper Lorraine (present French Lorraine and Luxemburg) and Lower Lorraine (present Belgium, Brabant and the Netherlands) 1048: Emperor Henry III conferred the Duchy of Upper Lorraine upon Count Gerhard of Alsace 1473: Counts of Vaudemont, Rene II of Lorraine inherits Lorraine,thus united his maternal inheritance of Lorraine, Bar, Pont-a-Mousson and Guise with his paternal inheritance of Vaudemont, Joinville, Aumale, Mayenne and Elbeouf 1480: Permanent union of the Duchies of Lorraine and Bar 1552-1559: French occupation 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1633-1659: French occupation 1670-1697: French occupation 1702-1714: French occupation 1736: To France |
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| Lorraine-Nomény | Principality (personalist) | n/a | PR | 1736 | 1803: Reichstag seat revoked | |
| Lorsch | RA | |||||
| Losenstein | HRE Lordship | 1629: Line died out | ||||
| Löwenstein HRE Count of Löwenstein, Wertheim, Rochefort, Montaigu, Limpurg, Virneburg, Gaildorf, Supreme Prince of Chassepierre/Chaisepierre, Lord of Scharfeneck, Breuberg, Herbeumont/Herbimont, Neufchâteau |
1494: HRE County 1712: HRE Principality |
1123: Lowenstein founded by the Counts of Calw ?-1281: To a branch of the Counts of Calw 1281: To Habsburgs when German King Rudolph I purchased Lowenstein and gave Lowenstein to his natural son Albert 1441: Sold by Henry, Albert's descendant, to the Elector Palatine of the Rhine Frederick I Louis II of Lowenstein inherited the County of Wertheim and other lands by marriage and called himself Count of Lowenstein-Wertheim 1806: Mediatized Area: 53 sq. mi. |
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| Lowenstein-Scharfeneck | ||||||
| Löwenstein-Wertheim HRE Prince of Löwenstein and Wertheim, Count of Rochefort, Montaigu, Supreme Prince of Chassepierre/Chaisepierre, Lord of Scharfeneck, Breuberg, Herbeumont/Herbimont, Neufchâteau, Kerpen and Kasselburg |
County 1803: HRE Principality |
Franc | 1574: Coalesced from Löwenstein, Stolberg-Rochefort and Wertheim-Breuberg | 1500: Franconian Circle 1611: Division into Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort and Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg 1806: To the Prince-Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg |
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| Lowenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg | 1812: Prince | |||||
| Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort HRE Prince of Löwenstein and Wertheim, Count of Rochefort, Montaigu, Supreme Prince of Chassepierre, Lord of Scharfeneck, Breuberg, Herbeumont, Neufchâteau, Kerpen & Kasselburg |
1712: HRE Principality | |||||
| Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg | Principality | |||||
| Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg | 1611: Partition of Lowenstein-Wertheim | 1721: Division into Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (Volradsche Line) and Lowenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (Karlsche Line) | ||||
| Lower Alsace | Landgraviate | 731: Partitioned from Alsace | 1358: Annexed to Strasbourg | |||
| Lower Austria | Duchy | 1379: Partitioned from Austria | 1493: Re-annexed to Austria | |||
| Lower Bavaria | Duchy | 1255: Partitioned from Bavaria | 1353: Partitioned into Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing | |||
| Lower Isenburg | HRE County | El Rhin | 1218: Partitioned from Isenburg-Isenburg | 1503: Partitioned into Isenburg-Grenzau and Isenburg-Neumagen 1512: Electoral Rhenish Circle 1664: Line died out |
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| Lower Lotharingia Lower Lorraine |
Duchy | 977: Emperor Otto II granted Lower Lorraine as a duchy to Charles, brother of Lothair of France, as a German fief. | 1033: United with Upper Lorraine when Gozelo I succeeded Superseded by Counts of Leuven (the later Dukes of Brabant) in 1106; without authority since 1190; both Brabant and Guelre based their claim of Archducal rank on being its successor |
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| Lower Salm | County | 1170: Partitioned from Salm | 1416: Created as Salm-Reifferscheid | |||
| Lower Schönburg | County | Upp Sax | WT | 1569: Partitioned from Schönburg | Partitioned into Schönburg-Hinterglauchau, Schönburg-Rochsburg and Schönburg-Wechselburg | |
| Lübeck | Bishopric 1180: HRE Prince-Bishopric |
Low Sax | EC | 1180: Partitioned from older Duchy of Saxony | Before 1180: Part of older Duchy of Saxony, till emperor deposed Henry the Lion 1180: Gained Imperial immediacy at the carve-up of the older Duchy of Saxony 1793: Council of Princes 1803: Secularised as Principality of Lübeck |
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| Lübeck | 1226: Imperial Free City | Low Sax | RH | 1188: est. 1226: Gained Imperial immediacy |
1810: Annexed to France 1815: Sovereign as Free City 1937: Annexed to Prussia |
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| Lübeck | Principality | Low Sax | 1803: Created by securalisation of Prince-Bishopric | 1803: Principality to Oldenburg 1937: Annexed to Prussia |
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| Lucerne | Imperial Free City | 1415: Split off from Habsburg | 1178: City of Lucerne founded Owned by Murbach Abbey 1291: To Habsburgs 1332: Member of Swiss Condeferation 1648: Left Empire as member of Swiss Confederation |
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| Lustenau | Imperial Farm | 1814: To Austria | ||||
| Luxembourg Luxemburg Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelbogen & Dietz, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg & Eppstein |
963: Lord 1059: County 1354: Duchy 1815: Grand Duchy |
Burg | PR | 963 | 1139-1189: Union with County of Namur 1364: Acquired County of Chiny 1383-1443: Luxemburg pawned by Emperors to Bohemia and Burgundy 1441: Luxemburg sold to Dukes of Burgundy 1443-1482: To Dukes of Burgundy 1482-1815: To Austrian Habsburgs 1512: Burgundian Circle 1582: HRE Council of Princes 1815: Joined the Confederation of the Rhine 1815-1890: Luxemburg and the Netherlands in personal union under King of the Netherlands |
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“now
I bring full-flavoured wine out of a barrel found
Where seven Ephesian topers slept and never knew
When Alexander’s empire passed, they slept so sound.”
—William Butler Yeats (1865–1939)
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—Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)
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—Robert M. Fresco, and Jack Arnold. Dr. Matt Hastings (John Agar)
“The people of the United States have been fortunate in many things. One of the things in which we have been most fortunate has been that so far, due perhaps to certain basic virtues in our traditional ways of doing things, we have managed to keep the crisis of western civilization, which has devastated the rest of the world and in which we are as much involved as anybody, more or less at arm’s length.”
—John Dos Passos (1896–1970)
“For them it’s out-of-date and outmoded to perform miracles; teaching the people is too like hard work, interpreting the holy scriptures is for schoolmen and praying is a waste of time; to shed tears is weak and womanish, to be needy is degrading; to suffer defeat is a disgrace and hardly fitting for one who scarcely permits the greatest of kings to kiss the toes of his sacred feet; and finally, death is an unattractive prospect, and dying on a cross would be an ignominious end.”
—Desiderius Erasmus (c. 1466–1536)