Conflict With Ming China
Tayisung Khan was far more inclined towards peaceful relations with Ming China than his commander Esen. He kept a friendly relationship with the Ming court. His taishi, Esen, was very ambitious man who wanted to restore the glory of the Mongol Empire. Esen first focused on Hami Oasis where the another Borjigin prince, descendant of Chagatai Khan, ruled. The prince was an ally of the Ming court. Repeated raids and threats of Esen forced him to surrender in 1448.
The Ming established the Three Guards which consisted of the surrendered Mongols (Doyin Uriyanghkahi, Taining and Fuyu) in the late 14th century. Esen then took Gansu, forcing the Fuyu guard to flee, and appointed his own governor in the area. Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha personally attacked the Three Guards. After that, Esen also plundered the Doyin Uriankhai guard, forcing them to surrender. With the submission of the Three Guards, the Mongol threat to China became direct.
When the Ming refused the Mongols to add the number of Mongol envoys to China and give a Chinese princess, Esen planned to invade Ming China. Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha did not first support it. However, he was induced to led the easternmost force of the Uriankhais (Uriyanghkai) to Liaodong in 1449. He besieged the city and ravaged its outskirts for 40 days while Esen crushing the Ming armies en route to Beijing.
After capturing the Ming Emperor, Zhengtong, and raising the siege of Beijing, the Mongols returned northwards. Tayisung Khan treated the captured Emperor kindly. Esen and he decided to send him back in 1450.
Read more about this topic: Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha
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