Robotic surgery, computer-assisted surgery, and robotically-assisted surgery are terms for technological developments that use robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. Robotically-assisted surgery was developed to overcome the limitations of minimally-invasive surgery and to enhance the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery.
In the case of robotically-assisted minimally-invasive surgery, instead of directly moving the instruments, the surgeon uses one of five methods to control the instruments; either a direct telemanipulator or through computer control. A telemanipulator is a remote manipulator that allows the surgeon to perform the normal movements associated with the surgery whilst the robotic arms carry out those movements using end-effectors and manipulators to perform the actual surgery on the patient. In computer-controlled systems the surgeon uses a computer to control the robotic arms and its end-effectors, though these systems can also still use telemanipulators for their input. One advantage of using the computerised method is that the surgeon does not have to be present, but can be anywhere in the world, leading to the possibility for remote surgery.
In the case of enhanced open surgery, autonomous instruments (in familiar configurations) replace traditional steel tools, performing certain actions (such as rib spreading) with much smoother, feedback-controlled motions than could be achieved by a human hand. The main object of such smart instruments is to reduce or eliminate the tissue trauma traditionally associated with open surgery without requiring more than a few minutes' training on the part of surgeons. This approach seeks to improve open surgeries, particularly cardio-thoracic, that have so far not benefited from minimally-invasive techniques.
Read more about Robotic Surgery: History, Advantages and Disadvantages, Miniature Robotics, See Also
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... Samadi completed his postgraduate training in general surgery at Montefiore Medical Center and in urology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center ... an oncology fellowship in urology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and a robotic radical prostatectomy fellowship at Henri Mondor Hospital Creteil in France under the mentorship of Professor Claude Abbou, MD ... Abbou, Samadi performed the first 11 da Vinci robotic prostate surgeries in the world ...
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... Menon and the staff at the VUI would develop robotic procedures in general (for example, bladder, kidney cancer) and the prostatectomy in particular ... The robotic prostatectomy developed by Menon is called the “Vattikuti Institute Prostatectomy” ... This technology serves to make the surgery less invasive and more precise ...
... Robotic surgery is a term used for correlated actions of a surgeon and a surgical robot (that has been programmed to carry out certain actions during the preoperative planning procedure) ... A surgical robot is a mechanical device (generally looking like a robotic arm) that is computer controlled ... Robotic surgery can be divided into three types, depending on the degree of surgeon interaction during the procedure supervisory-controlled, telesurgical ...
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“Ever since surgery began, mans destiny has been to suffer, in order that he might be cured. And no one can change that, gentlemen.”
—Jean Scott Rogers. Robert Day. Mr. Blount (Frank Pettingell)