Operant conditioning (or instrumental conditioning) is a form of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its consequences; the behaviour may change in form, frequency, or strength. Operant conditioning is a term that was coined by B.F Skinner in 1937 Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning (or respondent conditioning) in that operant conditioning deals with the modification of "voluntary behaviour" or operant behaviour. Operant behavior operates on the environment and is maintained by its consequences, while classical conditioning deals with the conditioning of reflexive (reflex) behaviours which are elicited by antecedent conditions. Behaviours conditioned via a classical conditioning procedure are not maintained by consequences.
Read more about Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction, Thorndike's Law of Effect, Biological Correlates of Operant Conditioning, Factors That Alter The Effectiveness of Consequences, Operant Variability, Avoidance Learning, Two-process Theory of Avoidance, Verbal Behavior, Four Term Contingency, Operant Hoarding, Questions About The Law of Effect
Other articles related to "conditioning, operant conditioning, operant":
... with us, or against us..." Classical conditioning All vertebrates, including humans, respond to classical conditioning ... few points and repeat them over and over." This idea is consistent with the principle of classical conditioning as well as the idea of "Staying on Message ... Operant conditioning Operant conditioning involves learning through imitation ...
... A number of observations seem to show that operant behavior can be established without reinforcement in the sense defined above ... prompted some researchers to propose new conceptualizations of operant reinforcement (e.g ... A more general view is that autoshaping is an instance of classical conditioning the autoshaping procedure has, in fact, become one of the most common ways to ...
... Operant behavior is that which is selected by its consequences ... The conditioning of operant behavior is the result of reinforcement and punishment ... Operant conditioning applies to voluntary responses, which an organism performs deliberately, to produce a desirable outcome ...
... In classical conditioning, the CS is an initially neutral stimulus that comes to play a direct role in indicating the occurrence of a UCS after a series of pairings ... In operant conditioning, neutral stimuli do not play such a direct role ... Another class of controlling stimuli in operant conditioning is called the extinction stimulus, or S∆ ...
Famous quotes containing the word conditioning:
“The climacteric marks the end of apologizing. The chrysalis of conditioning has once for all to break and the female woman finally to emerge.”
—Germaine Greer (b. 1939)