Loanwords of Arabic Origin
The list gives the Ottoman Turkish word, the modern spelling of the word in Turkish (as suggested by TDK), the modern Turkish equivalent, and its meaning in English.
* Old words that are still used in modern Turkish together with their new Turkish counterparts.
** New words that are not as frequently used as the old words. عجله
| Ottoman Turkish word and its transliteration | Modern spelling of the Ottoman Turkish word | Modern Turkish equivalent | Meaning in English | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ا عجلهacele * | acele | ivedi ** | urgent(ly) | The Turkish word is derived from the verb ivmek, which means to hurry |
| عضله ʻaḍale | adele | kas | muscle | From the verb kasmak which means "to tend". The modern word has practically replaced the old one. |
| عفو ايتمكʻafv itmek* | affetmek | bağışlamak | to forgive | In Turkish, etmek is an auxiliary verb which verbalizes a noun corresponds to the verb "to do" in English. In this case af is the Arabic loan word. Affetmek is still in popular use. |
| عائله ʻaile * | aile | ocak ** | family | |
| عقد ʻaqd *, مقاوله mukâvele | akit, mukavele | sözleşme, anlaşma,bağıt | contract | |
| عقل ʻaql * | akıl | us ** | wisdom | While the Turkish word is almost never used, its derivatives (such as uslu, meaning demure, well-behaved) are more widely employed. |
| علاقه* | alaka(lı) | ilgi(li) | relevant, related to | |
| عامل ʻâmil | amil | etken | factor | |
| عملية ʻamaliyyah | ameliye | işlem | operation, process | |
| amme | amme | kamu | public, community | |
| عنعنه a'nane | anane | gelenek, görenek | tradition | |
| عساكر asakir * | asker | sü ** | soldier | While the Turkish word is never used, its derivatives (such as subay, meaning army officer) are more commonly used. |
| عصر asr * | asır | yüzyıl | century | The compound Turkish word literally means hundred-year |
| بارز bâriz * | bariz | kesin, belli | obvious, accurate | |
| بسيط basîṭ * | basit | kolay | easy, simple | the old word is used for the meaning of simple, while the new word for easy |
| bazı * | bazı | kimi | some (pronoun) | |
| أبيض abyâz * | beyaz | ak | white | The Arabic word and the Turkish word are used in somewhat different contexts. |
| جمعة camiʻah * | camîa | topluluk | community | |
| cebren | cebren | zorla | forcefully | |
| جلسة calsah * | celse | oturum | (law) hearing, session | |
| ceninisakıt | ceninisakıt | düşük | miscarriage | See the section "word derivations" above to see how this word is derived. |
| جنوب cenûb | cenup | güney | south | |
| جرحة cerahah | cerahat | irin | pus | |
| جواب cevâb * | cevap | yanıt | answer. | Cevap is still in popular use |
| cihaz * | cihaz | aygıt | apparatus | |
| civarı * | civarı | dolayları | approximately, around | |
| جمله cümle * | cümle | tümce ** | sentence. | Cümle is still in popular use. |
| دفعه defʻa *, کره kere * | defa, kere | kez | times (repetition) | An example is: I did this three times. Both defa and kere are still in popular use. |
| dâ'ir * | dair | ilişkin | pertinent (to) | |
| define * | define | gömü | treasure | The Turkish word is derived from the verb göm-, which means to bury. |
| delil * | delil | kanıt | evidence | |
| دور devr * | devir | çağ | era | |
| دوره devre * | devre | dönem | semester | The old word is used in many other meanings, and not used any more in the meaning of "semester". |
| ابعاد ebʻâd * | ebat | boyut | dimension, size. | ebʻâd is the plural of بعد (buʻd, buut). |
| ابدى ebedî * | ebedî | sonsuz | forever | The Turkish word literally means without-end. |
| اجداد ecdâd | ecdat | ata | ancestry | The Turkish word literally means father. |
| اجل ecel * | ecel | ölüm | (predestined time of) death | |
| اجنبى acnebi* | ecnebi | el, yad | stranger, foreigner | |
| edebiyyat * | edebiyat | yazın | literature | |
| ehemmiyyet | ehemmiyet | önem | importance | |
| elbise * | elbise | giysi | cloth | The Arabic word is in fact the plural of libas |
| أمر emr * | emir | buyruk ** | order, command | |
| امنيه amniyyah * | emniyet | güvenlik | security | The Turkish word is derived from the word güven, meaning trust. |
| اثر eser * | eser | yapıt | production (music, film) | The Turkish word is derived from the verb root yap-, meaning to do. |
| اسير esîr * | esir | tutsak | hostage | The Turkish word is derived from the root of the verb tut-, meaning to hold. |
| etraf * | etraf | ortalık | surroundings, surrounding area | The Arabic word is the plural of the word taraf, which means side (see below in this list). |
| اوراق evrâk * | evrak | belge | paper document | In Arabic, evrāk is the plural of vārāk; in modern Turkish, evrak is used as a singular. |
| اول evvel * | evvel | önce | before | The Turkish word is derived from the word ön, meaning front. The original Arabic word (awwal) literally means first. |
| فعال faʻâl * | faal | etkin | active | The Turkish word is derived from the auxiliary word et-, meaning to do. |
| faiz * | faiz | ürem **, getiri | interest (monetary) | While the word ürem is never used, the latter word is common in daily language rather with the meaning of yield. |
| fakir, fukara * | fakir | yoksul | poor | The Turkish word is derived from the word yok. This word is a negation word, which can mean there is not, do (does) not have, do (does) not exist. |
| فايدة fâydah * | fayda | yarar | benefit, utility | |
| فن fenn *, علم ʻilm * | fen, ilim | bilim | science | The Turkish word is derived from the verb root bil-, meaning to know. |
| feyezan | feyezan | taşkın | flood, overflow | |
| فرقة furqah | fırkat | ayrılık | disparity | The Turkish word is derived from the word ayrı, meaning separate, different. |
| فكر fikr * | fikir | görüş | opinion | The Turkish word is derived from the verb root gör-, meaning to see. |
| فعل fiʻl * | fiil | eylem | verb | The Turkish word is derived from the verb eyle-, which is derived from the auxiliary verb et-, meaning to do. |
| غرب garb | garp | batı | west | Please see the beginning of this article for the derivation of this word. |
| غير gayr | gayri | olmayan, başka, dışı | non-, other | In Arabic, "gayr-i" is a prefix which means non- as in "he is a non-Muslim"; "he is not a Muslim". The term gayrimüslim (non-Muslim) remains the politically correct term in Turkey, used frequently in newspapers etc. |
| gıda * | gıda | besin | food | |
| hadise * | hadise | olay | event, happening, fact, occurrence | The Turkish word is derived from the verb ol-, meaning to be, to become. |
| حافظه hâfıza * | hafıza | bellek | memory | The new word is commonly used in electronics, like computer memory, i.e. önbellek for cache |
| خفيف hafif * | hafif | yeğni ** | light (in weight) | The Turkish word is rarely used |
| حفريات hafriyyât | hafriyat | kazı | excavation | The Turkish word is derived from the verb root kaz-, meaning to dig. |
| حق haqq * | hak | pay | portion | The old word hak has many other meanings in Turkish. |
| حقيقت haqîqat * | hakikat | gerçek | reality | |
| حاكم hâkim * | hâkim | yargıç | judge | |
| حال hâl *, وضعيت vazʻiyet * | hâl, vaziyet | durum | situation | |
| خليطه halîta | halita | alaşım | alloy | |
| haʻmile * | hamile | gebe | pregnant | |
| خراب harâb * | harap | yıkık | ruin | |
| حرارت harâret * | hararet | ısı ¹, sıcaklık ² | heat¹, temperature² | The old word can be used in both meanings in Turkish language. |
| harekkat * | hareket | devinim ** | movement, motion | |
| حرف harf * | harf | ses, imce ** | letter | The new word also means "sound". |
| hasret * | hasret | özlem | longing | |
| hassas * | hassas | duyarlı | sensitive | |
| حشره haşere * | haşere | böcek | insect | |
| خطا hatâ *, قصور kusûr * | hata, kusur | yanlış | mistake | |
| خاطره hâtıra * | hatıra | anı | memoir | |
| حيات hayât *, عمر ömr * | hayat, ömür | yaşam, dirim** | life | |
| حيثيت haysiyyet * | haysiyet | saygınlık | respectability | |
| hazm * | hazım | sindirim | digestion | |
| هديه hediyye * | hediye | armağan | gift | |
| هيئت hey'et * | heyet | kurul | board (company) | |
| حدت hiddet * | hiddet | kızgınlık, öfke | anger | |
| حكاية hikâye * | hikâye | öykü | story | |
| خلاف hilâf | hilaf | karşıt | opposite | |
| حس his * | his | duygu | feeling | |
| خواجه hôca * | hoca | öğretmen | teacher | |
| حقوق hukuk * | hukuk | tüze ** | (judiciary) law | The Turkish word is not commonly used; however, its derivatives (such as tüzük, meaning regulations, statute) are more widespread |
| خصوص husûs * | husus | konu | subject | |
| حضور huzûr * | huzur | dirlik ** | comfort | |
| حجرة hucre * | hücre | göze ** | cell | The new word is seldom used. There is a word göze meaning spring, fountainhead, regularly used especially in rural areas, commonly also in East of the Turkey, and not a one derived by TDK. |
| هجوم hücûm * | hücum | saldırı | attack | |
| حرمت hürmet * | hürmet | saygı | respect | |
| ısrar * | ısrar | üsteleme | insisting | |
| ابتدائی ibtidâ'î | iptidai | ilkel | primary; primitive | |
| içtima | içtima | toplantı | meeting, gathering | |
| içtima | içtima | kavuşum | new moon (astronomy) | |
| içtimai | içtimai | toplumsal | communal | |
| إدرار idrar * | idrar | sidik | urine | The original meaning of the Arabic word is the action of yielding milk. The Turkish word is derived from an old Turkic verb siymek, meaning to urinate. |
| افتخار iftihâr * | iftihar | övünme | pride | |
| ihtiras * | ihtiras | tutku | passion | The Turkish word tutku is derived from the verb root tut- which means to hold |
| ihtiva | ihtiva etmek | içermek | to comprise | |
| إحتياج ihtiyâc * | ihtiyaç | gereksinme or gereksinim | need | iĥtiyâj is the actual Arabic plural form of ĥatej, meaning need |
| اختيار ihtiyâr * | ihtiyar | yaşlı | old (age) | The Turkish word literally means with age. |
| احتياط ihtiyât | ihtiyat | yedek | backup, spare | |
| iktibas | iktibas | alıntı | copying (in literature; referencing) | |
| ilave * | ilave | ek | addition | |
| الهام ilhâm * | ilham | esin | inspiration | |
| عمار ʻimâr * | imar | bayındırlık | construction, development | |
| امكان imkân * | imkân | olanak | opportunity, possibility | |
| imlâ * | imla | yazım | orthography | |
| imtihân | imtihan | sınav, yazılı | examination | |
| imtiyâz * | imtiyaz | ayrıcalık | franchise | |
| inhisâr | inhisar | tekel | monopoly | |
| insân * | insan | kul ** | human | The new word is used almost only in religious context. |
| intiba | intiba | izlenim | impression | |
| intihal | intihal | aşırma | plagirism | |
| irtifâʻ * | irtifa | yükseklik | altitude | The old word is only used in aviation, as in "the altitude of the plane". |
| ارثی irsî * | ırsi | kalıtsal, kalıtımsal | hereditary | |
| اسم ism * | isim | ad | name | |
| إستحصال istiḥṣāl | istihsal | üretim | production | |
| إستقلال istiqlal * | istiklal | bağımsızlık | independence, freedom | |
| istirâhat * | istirahat | dinlenme | rest | |
| إستثقال istisḳāl | istiskal | aşağılama | abasement | |
| استثناء istisnâ' * | istisna | aykırı | exception | |
| اشتغال iştigâl | iştigal | uğraş / uğraşı | occupation | |
| iştirâk * | iştirak | ortaklık | association | |
| izâh * | izah | açıklama | clarification | |
| izdivâc | izdivaç | evlilik | marriage | |
| kâbiliyet * | kabiliyet | yetenek / yeti | talent, ability | |
| kader * | kader | yazgı | fate | |
| qaffa * | kafa | baş | head | |
| كافي kâfi * | kâfi | yeter | enough | |
| كائنات kâ'inât * | kâinat | evren | universe | |
| قلب kalb * | kalp | yürek | heart | |
| kânûn * | kanun | yasa | law | |
| kanunuesasi | kanunuesasi | anayasa | constitution (law) | |
| kâfiye * | kafiye | uyak | rhyme | |
| كانون اول kânûn-ı evvel | aralık | December | ||
| كانون ثانی kânûn-ı sânî | ocak | January | ||
| كلمه kelime * | kelime | sözcük | word | |
| ghermez * | kırmızı | al ** | red | The Arabic and the Turkish words are used in somewhat different contexts. |
| قسم kısm * | kısım | bölüm | part | |
| كتاب ketab * | kitap | betik ** | book | The Turkish word is derived from an old Turkic verb bitimek, meaning to write. However, the old Turkic verb is ultimately a loanword from Chinese word pi-ti, meaning brush, writing apparatus. The new word is used in computing in the meaning of script. |
| kufr * | küfür | sövme ** | curse | |
| قوة kuvvet * | kuvvet | güç or erk | power, force | In physics, the old word is used for force and the new word is used for power. |
| küre * | küre | yuvar ** | sphere | |
| لطيفه lâtîfe | latife | şaka | joke | The new word is actually also of Arabic origin (from the word şaḳā (شقاء)), meaning pity, being unfortunate |
| لسان lisân * | lisan | dil | language | Dil means both tongue in the physical sense and language, while "lisan" does only tongue in the language sense. |
| لغات lûġat | lügat | sözlük | dictionary | |
| لزوملو lüzûmlu * | lüzumlu | gerekli | necessary | |
| معاش maʻâş * | maaş | aylık | salary | |
| معباد maʻbed * | mabet | tapınak | temple | |
| maddî * | maddî | özdeksel ** | material, materialistic | The Turkish word is exclusively used in the context of philosophy. |
| mafsal | mafsal | eklem | ligament | The old word is used for "hinge" (non-anatomical). |
| mağdûr * | mağdur | kıygın ** | wronged, injured | The new word is almost never used. |
| maʻlubiyyat * | mağlubiyet | yenilgi | defeat | |
| mahfuz | mahfuz | saklı | hidden | |
| mahlûk * | mahluk | yaratık | creature | Sometimes the plural of the old word ("mahlukat") is used by its singular meaning. |
| mahsûl * | mahsul | ürün | product | The old word is used for the noun "produce". |
| mahsûs * | mahsus | özgü | peculiar | |
| maksad *, gaye *, hedef * | maksat, gaye, hedef | amaç or erek | goal | |
| maʻkûl * | makul | uygun, elverişli | reasonable | |
| معنة maʻnah * | mâna | anlam | meaning | |
| manevî * | manevî | tinsel ** | moral, spiritual | The Turkish word is exclusively used in the context of philosophy. |
| مانع mâniʻ * | mani | engel | obstacle | |
| مصرف masraf * | masraf | gider, harcama | cost | |
| mavi * | mavi | gökçe ** | blue | The Turkish word is derived from the word gök, meaning sky. Although the Turkish word is rarely used in the context of color, it is a common female name, meaning pleasant, beautiful. |
| mecaz *, istiare | mecaz | iğretileme, eğretileme | metaphor | |
| مجبور mecbûr * | mecbur | zorunlu | obligation, obligatory | Both the new and the old words can be used as either a noun or an adjective. |
| مجهول mechûl * | meçhul | bilinmeyen | unknown | |
| madanni * | medeni | uygar | civil | |
| madanniyyat * | medeniyet | uygarlık | civilization | |
| مفهوم mefhûm * | mefhum | kavram | concept | |
| مکروه mekrûh * | mekruh | iğrenç | disgusting | The old word also has the religious meaning: Disliked, used by all Muslims. Its Arabic meaning is hated |
| meleke | meleke | alışkanlık | habit | |
| melez * | melez | kırma | hybrid | |
| مملکت memleket * | memleket | ülke | country | The old word is used for "one's native region" |
| مراسم merâsim * | merasim | tören | ceremony | |
| مرثيه mersiye | mersiye | ağıt | elegy | |
| mesafe * | mesafe | uzaklık | distance | |
| mesame | mesame | gözenek | pore | |
| مثانة mesane * | mesane | sidik kesesi | urinary bladder | |
| meselâ * | mesela | örneğin | for example | |
| mesele * | mesele | sorun | problem | |
| مسعود mesʻûd * | mesut | mutlu, sevinçli | happy | |
| maʻsûliyyat * | mesuliyet | sorumluluk | responsibility | |
| مشهور meşhûr * | meşhur | ünlü | famous | |
| مشروبات meşrûbât * | meşrubat | içecek | beverage | |
| موقع mevkiʻ مكان mekân * | mevki, mekân | yer, konum | location | |
| ميدان meydân *, ساحه sâha | meydan, saha | alan ** | open area, plaza | While the new word is used mainly in mathematics (as in the "area" of a triangle), it is seldom used with the same meaning of the old words except in compound words like havaalanı (airport), not hava meydanı (older version). |
| ميل meyl * | meyil | eğim, eğilim | inclination | |
| mezar * | mezar | gömüt ** | cemetery | The Turkish word is derived from the verb göm-, which means to bury. |
| mıntıka | mıntıka | bölge | region | |
| mısra * | mısra | dize | verse | |
| mirâs * | miras | kalıt ** | inheritance | The new word is almost never used, but its derivatives are in use, such as kalıtımsal (hereditary). |
| مسافر misâfir * | misafir | konuk | guest | |
| مثال misâl * | misal | örnek | example | The Turkish word comes from the verb örmek, meaning to knit, to interweave. |
| مسکين miskîn * | miskin | uyuşuk, mıymıntı | lazy | |
| معامله muʻâmele * | muamele | davranış | treatment, behavior | |
| معما muʻammâ | muamma | bilmece | puzzle, trivia | |
| معاصر muʻâsır | muasır | çağdaş, güncel | contemporary | |
| معاون muʻâvin * | muavin | yardımcı | helper | |
| معجزه muʻcize * | mucize | tansık ** | miracle | The new word is almost never used. |
| mugaddii | mugaddi | besleyici | nourisher | |
| mugalata | mugalata | yanıltmaca | deceptive statement | |
| muganni, muganniye | muganni,muganniye | şarkıcı | singer | |
| mugayeret | mugayeret | aykırılık | irregularity | |
| mugayir | mugayir | aykırı | irregular | The old word has only remained as a legal term meaning adverse. |
| mugber | muğber | küskün, gücenmiş, dargın | the state of one not talking to another | |
| muglak * | muğlak | çapraşık | ambiguous | |
| muhabere | muhabere | iletişim, iletişme | communication | |
| muhaceret | muhaceret | göç | emigration | |
| muhacim | muhacim | saldıran, saldırıcı | attacker, offender | |
| muhacir | muhacir | göçmen | immigrant | |
| muhaddep | muhaddep | dış bükey | convex | |
| muhafaza * | muhafaza | koruma | conservation | |
| muhafazakar * | muhafazakar | tutucu | conservative | |
| muhafız | muhafız | koruyucu | protector | |
| muhakeme * | muhakeme | yargılama, uslamlama | judgment, argumentation | |
| muddat * | müddet | süre | duration | |
| محقق muhakkak* | muhakkak | kesin(likle) | certain(ly) | |
| muhakkik | muhakkik | soruşturmacı | investigator | |
| muhal | muhal | olanaksız | impossible | |
| muhallaffat * | muhalefet | karşıtlık | opposition | The Arabic word is especially common in the context of politics |
| muhammen | muhammen | oranlanan, ön görülen | pre-determined | |
| muhammes | muhammes | beşgen | pentagon | |
| muhammin | muhammin | ön gören | one that pre-determines | |
| محاربه muhârebe, حرب harb | muharebe, harp | savaş | war | |
| muharip | muharip | savaşçı | warrior | |
| muharrer | muharrer | yazılı, yazılmış | written | |
| muharrik | muharrik | kışkırtıcı, ayartıcı | provoker | |
| muharriş | muharriş | tırmalayan, irkilten | aggravator | |
| muhassamat | muhasamat | çarpışma | collusion | |
| muhasara | muhasara | kuşatma | siege | |
| muhasebe * | muhasebe | saymanlık | accounting, bookkeeping | |
| muhasebeci * | muhasebeci | sayman | accountant, bookkeeper | |
| muhassır | muhasır | kuşatan | one that envelops | |
| muhassala | muhassala | bileşke | resultant | |
| muhassas | muhassas | ayrılmış | reserved | |
| muhat | muhat | kuşatılmış | one that's enveloped, sieged | |
| muhavvil | muhavvil | dönüştüren | converter | |
| muhavvile | muhavvile | dönüştürücü | transformer | |
| muhtemel | muhtemel | olası | possible | |
| محتويات muhteviyyât | muhteviyat | içindekiler | ingredients | |
| مقدس mukaddes | mukaddes | kutsal | sacred | |
| منتظم muntazam * | muntazam | düzgün, düzenli | tidy | |
| مربع murabbaʻ | murabba | kare | square | The word kare is actually a loanword itself (from French carré) |
| murafaa | murafaa | duruşma | court hearing | |
| معتدل muʻtedil | mutedil | ılım(lı) | moderate(ly) | |
| موفقيت muvaffakıyyet | muvaffakiyet | başarı | success | |
| مبالغه mübalâga | mübalağa | abartma | exaggeration | |
| مجادله mücâdele * | mücadele | çaba, uğraş | endeavor | |
| mücerrit | mücerrit | soyut | abstract | |
| مدافعه müdâfaʻa | müdafaa | koruma | sustain, protect, defend | |
| مداخله müdâhale * | müdahale | karışma | intervention | |
| مدت müddet * | müddet | süre | duration | |
| mudrike | müdrike | anlık | intellect (in psychology) | |
| mudrir | müdrir | idrar söktürücü | diuretic | |
| muebbet * | müebbet | yaşam boyu, sonsuz | lifelong, forever | In today's Turkish, the Arabic word is exclusively used in the meaning of lifelong prisonment |
| mueccel | müeccel | ertelenmiş | delayed | |
| mueddep | müeddep | uslu | well behaved, demure | |
| muelleffat | müellefat | (yazılı) yapıt | (written) piece | |
| muellif, muharrir | müellif, muharrir | yazar | writer | |
| muemmen | müemmen | sağlanmış | secured | |
| muennes | müennes | dişil | feminine | |
| مؤسسه mu'essese | müessese | kurum | foundation | |
| muessif | müessif | üzücü | saddenning | |
| muessir | müessir | dokunaklı | touching | |
| muessis | müessis | kurucu | founder | |
| mueyyide | müeyyide | yaptırım | sanction | |
| mufekkrireh | müfekkire | düşünce gücü | thought capacity | |
| muferrih | müferrih | iç açıcı | relaxing, refreshing | |
| mufrett | müfret | tekil | singular | |
| muflis | müflis | batkın | one that's gone bankrupt | |
| مهم mühim * | mühim | önemli | important | |
| مؤمن mü'min | mümin | inanan, inançlı | believer | |
| مناسبت münâsebet * | münasebet | ilişki | relation | |
| مراجعت mürâcaʻat | müracaat | başvuru | application | |
| mürekkeb | mürekkep | birleşmiş, birleşik | composed of | The word mürekkep is still used in Turkish in another meaning: ink. |
| murrettip | mürettip | dizgici | type setter | |
| مسابقه müsâbaka | müsabaka | karşılaşma | match, competition | |
| مسامحه müsâmaha | müsamaha | hoşgörü | tolerance | |
| musavi | müsavi | eşit | equal | |
| مستهجن müstehcen * | müstehcen | uygunsuz | inappropriate, obscene | |
| مستملك mustamlak | müstemleke | sömürge | colony (exploitee) | |
| مسوده müsvedde * | müsvedde | taslak | draft | |
| muşabbih, mumassil | müşabih, mümasil | benzer | similar | |
| muşşabbahat | müşabehet | benzerlik | similarity | |
| müşahhas | müşahhas | somut | concrete (in concept) (opposite of abstract) | |
| مشكل müşkül | müşkül | çetin ** | difficult | |
| muşkul-pesend | müşkülpesent | titiz | fussy | |
| muşrik | müşrik | çoktanrıcı | polytheist | |
| müştak | müştak | türev | derivative | |
| muştehi | müştehi | istekli | willing (person) | |
| muşteki | müşteki | yakınan, sızlanan | one who complains, whiner | |
| muştemilat | müştemilat | eklenti | attachment, appandage | |
| muşterek * | müşterek | ortak | partner | |
| muştereken | müştereken | ortaklaşa | jointly | |
| muşteri * | müşteri | alıcı, alımcı | customer | |
| mut'a | müt'a | geçici kazanç | temporary earning | |
| مطالعه mütâlâʻa | mütalâa | düşünce | thought | |
| متارکه mütâreke | mütareke | antlaşma | armistice | |
| muteaddit | müteaddit | birçok | a lot, many | |
| muteaffin | müteaffin | kokuşuk | malodorous | |
| muteahhid * | müteahhit | üstenci | contractor | |
| muteahhidlik | müteahhitlik | üstencilik | contractor (as a profession) | |
| muteakiben | müteakiben | arkadan | following | |
| muteakib | müteakip | sonra, ardından | after, thereafter | |
| mutealiye | mütealiye | deneyüstücülük | transcendentalism | |
| muteallik | müteallik | ilişkin, ilgili | related (to) | |
| muteammim | müteammim | yaygınlaşmış, genelleşmiş | something that has widespread | |
| mutearife | mütearife | belit ** | axiom | The French word aksiyom is more common |
| mutebaki | mütebaki | kalan | remaining | |
| mutebasbıs | mütebasbıs | yaltakçı | slimy | |
| mutebeddil | mütebeddil | değişen, kararsız | one that changes, undecided | |
| mutebessim | mütebessim | gülümseyen, güleç | one that smiles | |
| mutecanis | mütecanis | bağdaşık | homogenous | |
| mutecasir | mütecasir | yeltenen | one who dares | |
| mutecaviz | mütecaviz | saldırgan | attacker | |
| mutedeyyin | mütedeyyin | dindar | religious | |
| muteessir | müteessir | üzüntülü | sad (person) | |
| mutefekkir | mütefekkir | düşünür | thinker, intellectual | |
| متفرق müteferrik | müteferrik | dağınık | untidy | |
| mutehammil | mütehammil | dayanıklı | durable | |
| muteharrik | müteharrik | devingen, oynar | mobile | |
| متخصص mütehassıs | mütehassıs | uzman | expert | |
| muteşşebbis | müteşebbis | girişimci | entrepreneur | |
| mütevâzî * | mütevazi | alçakgönüllü | humble | |
| muteveffa | müteveffa | ölü, ölmüş | dead | |
| muttefik * | müttefik | bağlaşık ** | ally | |
| muzayyadeh | müzayede | açık arttırma | auction | |
| مزمن müzmin | müzmin | süreğen | chronic | The new word is seldom used. |
| nadir *, ender * | nadir, ender | seyrek | rare(ly) | |
| نغمه nağme | nağme | ezgi | melody | |
| nafile * | nafile | boşuna | futile | |
| نصيحت nasîhat * | nasihat | öğüt | advice, counsel | |
| nâzır | nazır | bakan | minister | |
| نفس nefes * | nefes | soluk | breath | |
| nesiç | nesiç | doku | tissue | |
| nesl * | nesil | kuşak | generation | |
| نتيجه netîce * | netice | sonuç | result | |
| nezif | nezif | kanama | hemorrhage | |
| nısf | nısıf | yarı(m) | half | |
| نهايت nihâyet * | nihayet | son(unda) | final(ly) | |
| نكاح nikâh * | nikâh | düğün | wedding | In modern Turkish, nikâh is generally used for the wedding ceremony, while düğün is used for the wedding reception or party. |
| نسبت nisbet * | nispet | oran | ratio | |
| نطق nutk * | nutuk | söylev | speech | |
| ragmen * | rağmen | karşın | despite, in spite of | |
| رفاه rafāh * | refah | gönenç | prosperity | |
| رأی re'y | rey | oy | vote | |
| رئيس re'îs | reis | başkan | president | |
| ruh * | ruh | tin ** | spirit | The Turkish word is almost never used, except in the context of philosophy |
| rutûbet * | rutubet | yaşlık, ıslaklık | moisture | |
| رؤيا rü'ya * | rüya | düş | dream | |
| سادهّ, سائد sade, sa'aid * | sade | yalın | plain | The Turkish word is rarely used. |
| صفحة safha * | safha | evre, aşama | stage, phase | |
| صفراء safra * | safra | öd | bile | |
| sahil * | sahil | kıyı | coast | |
| sahip * | sahip | iye ** | owner | The Turkish word is seldom used; however, it is commonly used in the context of grammar when describing the possessive suffix (iyelik eki) |
| sahte * | sahte | düzmece | fake | |
| samimî * | samimi | içten | sincere | the Turkish word literally means from inside |
| سطح sath | satıh | yüzey | surface | |
| سياره sayyâre | seyyare | araba, taşıt | car | Interestingly,"araba" is the outdated expression for "car" in Arabic. The current word in Arabic for car is "Seyyara" but in Turkish seyyar, means "transportable" or given to travel. |
| سبب sebeb * | sebep | neden | reason | |
| safarat | sefaret | büyükelçilik | embassy | |
| سلامت selâmet | selamet | esenlik | health, soundness | |
| سما semâ | sema | gök | sky | |
| سنه sene * | sene | yıl | year | |
| seviye * | seviye | düzey | level | |
| صحت sıhhat | sıhhat | sağlık | health | |
| sihr * | sihir | büyü | magic | |
| صحبت sohbet * | sohbet | söyleşi | chat | The new word is used in somewhat different contexts. |
| سؤال su'âl | sual | soru | question | |
| صلح sulh | sulh | barış | peace | |
| sunî | suni | yapay | artificial | The Turkish word is derived from the verb yapmak, which means to do. |
| سکوت sükût | sükût | sessizlik | silence | The Turkish word literally means soundlessness. |
| sürʻat * | sürat | hız | velocity, speed | In physics, the old word word is used for speed (scalar) and the new word is used for velocity (vectoral). The new word is actually a loanword from Persian خيز (khiz), meaning "move!" |
| şâhid * | şahit | tanık | witness | The Turkish word is derived from the verb tanımak, which means to recognize. |
| şair * | şair | ozan | poet | |
| شرق şark | şark | doğu | east | The Turkish word is derived from the verb doğmak, which means to be born. |
| şart * | şart | koşul | condition | |
| şatafat(lı) | şatafat(lı) | gösteriş(li) | spectacular (noun and adjective) | |
| شمال şimâl | şimal | kuzey | north | |
| şuʻûr * | şuur | bilinç | conscience | The Turkish word is derived from the verb bilmek, which means to know. |
| şübheli * | şüpheli | sanık | suspect; someone charged with an offense | |
| taalluk | taalluk | ilinti | connection, relation | |
| tabaqqa * | tabaka | katman | layer | |
| طبيعت ṭabîʻat * | tabiat | doğa | nature | The Turkish word is derived from the verb doğmak, meaning to be born. |
| طبيعى ṭabîʻî * | tabii | doğal | natural | The Arabic word is mostly used with the meaning certainly, of course. The new word doesn't have this meaning. |
| taʻbîr, ifâde* | tabir, ifade | deyiş** | narration | |
| ṭâbiyet* | tâbiyet | uyruk** | nationality | |
| tahlil * | tahlil | inceleme | (laboratory) test (as in medicine) | |
| tahmin * | tahmin | kestirim ** | guess, prediction | |
| taʻkib* | takip | izlem ** | follow-up | The Turkish word is derivede from the verb izlemek, meaning to watch. |
| طلب ṭaleb * | talep | istek | request, demand, wish | |
| طلبه ṭalebe | talebe | öğrenci | student (plural of طالب ṭâlib, "seeker" ) | |
| تعمير taʻmîr *, تعديلات taʻdîlât * | tamir, tadilat | onarım | repair, renovation | |
| taraf * | taraf | yan | side | |
| taraftar * | taraftar | yandaş | supporter, proponent | While the Turkish word is also very common, only the Arabic word is used in the context of fan or supporter of a sports club. |
| tarih * | tarih | günay ** | date (in time) | The Arabic word tarih also means history. The Turkish word günay (literally meaning, day-month) is rarely used. |
| tasallut | tasallut | sarkıntılık | (sexual) harassment | |
| tasavvur | tasavvur | canlandırma, tasarı | imagine | |
| tasdîk * | tasdik | onay | approve | |
| tashîh | tashih | düzeltme | correction | |
| تصوير tasvîr * | tasvir | betimleme | description | |
| طياره tayyâre | tayyare | uçak | airplane | |
| توصيه tavsiye * | tavsiye | salık | advice | |
| تعادل teʻâdül | teadül | denklik | equivalence | |
| تعامل teʻâmül | teamül | tepkime, davranış | reaction, behavior | |
| tebessüm | tebessüm | gülümseme | smile | |
| تبديل tebdîl | tebdil | değişiklik | change | |
| تبريك tebrîk * | tebrik | kutlama | congratulate | The new word also has the meaning "celebration". |
| تجلى tecellî | tecelli | belirme | emerge, appear | |
| تجسم tecessüm | tecessüm | görünme | appearance, manifestation | |
| tecrübe * | tecrübe | deneyim | experience | |
| techîzât * | teçhizat | donanım | equipment | |
| tedavi * | tedavi | sağaltım ** | therapy | |
| tedbîr * | tedbir | önlem | precaution | |
| te'essür | teessür | üzüntü | agony | |
| teferruat | teferruat | ayrıntı | detail | |
| تكامل tekâmül | tekamül | evrim, başkalaşım | maturation, metamorphosis, evolution | |
| تقاعد tekaʻüd | tekaüt | emeklilik | retirement | |
| tekeffül | tekeffül | yükümlenme | standing surety | |
| تكليف teklîf * | teklif | öneri | proposal | |
| tekrar * | tekrar | yine | again | |
| تلاش telâş * | telaş | tasa, kaygı | worry | |
| tenâsüb | tenasüp | uyum | congruity | |
| تنبيه tenbîh * | tembih | uyarı | warning | |
| tercîh etmek * | tercih etmek | yeğlemek | to prefer | |
| tercüme * | tercüme | çeviri | translation | |
| terreddut * | tereddüt | duraksama | hesitancy | |
| tertip * | tertip | düzen | order, tidiness | |
| tesir * | tesir | etki | effect | |
| teselli * | teselli | avunma | console | |
| teşhis * | teşhis | tanı | diagnosis | The Turkish word tanı is the root of the verb tanımak, which literally means to recognize |
| teshkil | teşkil etmek | oluşturmak | to constitute | |
| تشرين اول teşrîn-i evvel | ekim | October | ||
| تشرين ثانی teşrîn-i sânî | kasım | November | ||
| teşvik * | teşvik | özendirme, kışkırtma | (providing) incentive, provocation | |
| usûl * | usul | yöntem | method | |
| unsur * | unsur | öğe | constituent, element | |
| unvan * | ünvan | san | (professional) title | |
| uslup * | üslup | biçem ** | style | |
| vaʻd * | vaat | söz | promise (noun) | |
| vakʻâ * | vaka | olay | event | |
| vakûr | vakur | ağır başlı | dignified | The Turkish expression literally means heavy headed. |
| vasf * | vasıf | nitelik | feature, quality | |
| vasıta | vasıta | araç | vehicle | |
| vâsi | vâsi | engin | vast | |
| vatan * | vatan | yurt | homeland | |
| vatandaş * | vatandaş | yurttaş ** | citizen | The Turkish word used to be more common up to thirty years ago. |
| vaz geçmek * | vazgeçmek | caymak ** | to change one's mind; to give up (on something/someone) | Here, vaz is the Persian loan word, and geçmek is a Turkish auxiliary verb. |
| وضيفه vazîfe * | vazife | görev | task, mission | |
| ve * | ve | ile | and | Although the Turkish word is also very common, it cannot always replace the Arabic word. For example, in a sentence like, I came and I ate, the Turkish word ile cannot be used in this context. |
| vehm | vehim | kuruntu | apprehension, fancy | |
| vilâyet* | vilayet | il | province | |
| tefsîr * | tefsir | yorum | interpretation, analysis, comment | |
| ضبط dzabt * | zabıt | tutanak | minute of proceeding, trial | |
| ضمير zamîr * | zamir | adıl ** | pronoun | |
| zaviye | zaviye | açı | angle |
Read more about this topic: List Of Replaced Loanwords In Turkish, Lists of Replaced Loanwords
Famous quotes containing the word origin:
“Though I do not believe that a plant will spring up where no seed has been, I have great faith in a seed,—a, to me, equally mysterious origin for it.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)