List of Human Hormones - Steroid

Steroid

Chemical class	Name	Abbreviation	Tissue	Cells	Receptor	Effect
androgen	Testosterone		testes	Leydig cells	AR	libido, Anabolic: growth of muscle mass and strength, increased bone density, growth and strength, Virilizing: maturation of sex organs, formation of scrotum, deepening of voice, growth of beard and axillary hair.
androgen	Dehydroepiandrosterone	DHEA	testes, ovary, kidney	Zona fasciculata and Zona reticularis cells of kidney theca cells of ovary Leydig cellss of testes	AR	Virilization, anabolic
androgen	Androstenedione		adrenal glands, gonads		AR	Substrate for estrogen
androgen	Dihydrotestosterone	DHT	multiple		AR	5-DHT or DHT is a male reproductive hormone that targets the prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, penis and scrotum and promotes growth/mitosis/cell maturation and differentiation. Testosterone is converted to 5-DHT by 5alpha-reductase, usually with in the target tissues of 5-DHT because of the need for high concentrations of 5-dht to produced the physiological effects.
mineralocorticoid	Aldosterone		adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa)		MR	Increase blood volume by reabsorption of sodium in kidneys (primarily) Potassium and H+ secretion in kidney.
estrogen	Estradiol	E₂	females: ovary, males testes	females: granulosa cells, males: Sertoli cell	ER	Females: Structural: promote formation of female secondary sex characteristics accelerate height growth accelerate metabolism (burn fat) reduce muscle mass stimulate endometrial growth increase uterine growth maintenance of blood vessels and skin reduce bone resorption, increase bone formation Protein synthesis: increase hepatic production of binding proteins Coagulation: increase circulating level of factors 2, 7, 9, 10, antithrombin III, plasminogen increase platelet adhesiveness Increase HDL, triglyceride, height growth Decrease LDL, fat deposition Fluid balance: salt (sodium) and water retention increase growth hormone increase cortisol, SHBG Gastrointestinal tract: reduce bowel motility increase cholesterol in bile Melanin: increase pheomelanin, reduce eumelanin Cancer: support hormone-sensitive breast cancers Suppression of production in the body of estrogen is a treatment for these cancers. Lung function: promote lung function by supporting alveoli. Males: Prevent apoptosis of germ cells
estrogen	Estrone		ovary	granulosa cells, Adipocytes	ER
estrogen	Estriol	E₃	placenta	syncytiotrophoblast	ER
glucocorticoid	Cortisol		adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells)		GR	Stimulation of gluconeogenesis Inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue Mobilization of amino acids from extrahepatic tissues Stimulation of fat breakdown in adipose tissue anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
progestogen	Progesterone		ovary, adrenal glands, placenta (when pregnant)	Granulosa cells theca cells of ovary	PR	Support pregnancy: Convert endometrium to secretory stage Make cervical mucus permeable to sperm. Inhibit immune response, e.g. towards the human embryo. Decrease uterine smooth muscle contractility Inhibit lactation Inhibit onset of labor. Support fetal production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. Other: Raise epidermal growth factor-1 levels Increase core temperature during ovulation Reduce spasm and relax smooth muscle (widen bronchi and regulate mucus) Antiinflammatory Reduce gall-bladder activity Normalize blood clotting and vascular tone, zinc and copper levels, cell oxygen levels, and use of fat stores for energy. Assist in thyroid function and bone growth by osteoblasts Resilience in bone, teeth, gums, joint, tendon, ligament and skin Healing by regulating collagen Nerve function and healing by regulating myelin Prevent endometrial cancer by regulating effects of estrogen.
secosteroid	Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃)		skin/proximal tubule of kidneys		VDR	Active form of vitamin D₃ Increase absorption of calcium and phosphate from gastrointestinal tract and kidneys inhibit release of PTH
secosteroid	Calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃)		skin/proximal tubule of kidneys		VDR	Inactive form of vitamin D₃