Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝
| Posthumous Names (Shi Hao 諡號) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern dynasty 北朝 | |||
| Bei Northern Wei Dynasty 北魏 386-535 | |||
| Convention: Bei (Northern) Wei + posthumous name | |||
| As a well known fact Tuoba family changed their family name to 元(yuan2) during the reign of Xiao Wen Di in 496 so we will also change from there. | |||
| Dao Wu Di (道武帝 daò wǔ dì) | Tuoba Gui (拓拔珪 tuò bá guī) | 386-409 | Dengguo (登國 dēng guó) 386-396 Huangshi (皇始 huáng shǐ) 396-398 Tianxing (天興 tiān xīng) 398-404 Tianci (天賜 tiān cì) 404-409 |
| Ming Yuan Di (明元帝 míng yuán dì) | Tuoba Si (拓拔嗣 tuò bá sì) | 409-423 | Yongxing (永興 yǒng xīng) 409-413 Shenrui (神瑞 shén ruì) 414-416 Taichang (泰常 tài cháng) 416-423 |
| Tai Wu Di (太武帝 tài wǔ dì) | Tuoba Tao (拓拔燾 tuò bá táo) | 424-452 | Shiguang (始光 shǐ guāng) 424-428 Shenjia (神䴥 shén jiā) 428-431 Yanhe (延和 yán hé) 432-434 Taiyan (太延 tài yán) 435-440 Taipingzhenjun (太平真君 tài píng zhēn jūn) 440-451 Zhengping (正平 zhèng píng) 451-452 |
| Nan An Wang (南安王 nán ān wáng) | Tuoba Yu (拓拔余 tuò bá yú) | 452 | Chengping (承平 chéng píng) 452 |
| Wen Cheng Di (文成帝 wén chéng dì) | Tuoba Jun (拓拔濬 tuò bá jùn) | 452-465 | Xingan (興安 xīng ān) 452-454 Xingguang (興光 xīng guāng) 454-455 Tai'an (太安 tài ān) 455-459 Heping (和平 hé píng) 460-465 |
| Xian Wen Di (獻文帝 xiàn wén dì) | Tuoba Hong (拓拔弘 tuò bá hóng) | 466-471 | Tian'an (天安 tiān ān) 466-467 Huangxing (皇興 huáng xīng) 467-471 |
| Xiao Wen Di (孝文帝 xiào wén dì) | Yuan Hong (元宏 yuán hóng) | 471-499 | Yanxing (延興 yán xīng) 471-476 Chengming (承明 chéng míng) 476 Taihe (太和 tìi hé) 477-499 |
| Xuan Wu Di (宣武帝 xuān wǔ dì) | Yuan Ke (元恪 yuán kè) | 499-515 | Jingming (景明 jǐng míng) 500-503 Zhengshi (正始 zhèng shǐ) 504-508 Yongping (永平 yǒng píng) 508-512 Yanchang (延昌 yán chāng) 512-515 |
| Xiao Ming Di (孝明帝 xiào míng dì) | Yuan Xu (元詡 yuán xǔ) | 516-528 | Xiping (熙平 xī píng) 516-518 Shengui (神龜 shén guī) 518-520 Zhengguang (正光 zhèng guāng) 520-525 Xiaochang (孝昌 xiào chāng) 525-527 Wutai (武泰 wǔ tài) 528 |
| Youzhu (幼主 yòu zhǔ) | Yuan Zhao (元釗 yuán xhāo) | 528 | None |
| Xiao Zhuang Di (孝莊帝 xiào zhuāng dì) | Yuan Ziyou (元子攸 yuán zǐ yōu) | 528-530 | Jianyi (建義 jiàn yì) 528 Yongan (永安 yǒng ān) 528-530 |
| Chang Guang Wang (長廣王 cháng guǎng wáng) | Yuan Ye (元曄 yuán yè) | 530-531 | Jianming (建明 jiàn míng) 530-531 |
| Jie Min Di (節閔帝 jié mǐn dì) | Yuan Gong (元恭 yuán gōng) | 531-532 | Putai (普泰 pǔ tài) 531-532 |
| An Ding Wang (安定王 ān dìng wáng) | Yuan Lang (元朗 yuán lǎng) | 531-532 | Zhongxing (中興 zhōng xīng) 531-532 |
| Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiào wǔ dì) or Chu Di (出帝 chū dì) |
Yuan Xiu (元脩 yuán xiū) | 532-535 | Taichang (太昌 tài chāng) 532 Yongxing (永興 yǒng xīng) 532 Yongxi (永熙 yǒng3 xī) 532-535 |
| Dong (Eastern) Wei Dynasty 东魏 534-550 | |||
| Convention: Dong (Eastern) Wei + posthumous name | |||
| Xiao Jing Di (孝靜帝 xiào jìng dì) | Yuan Shanjian (元善見 yuán shàn jiàn) | 534-550 | Tianping (天平 tiān píng) 534-537 Yuanxiang (元象 yuán xiàng) 538-539 Xinghe (興和 xīng hé) 539-542 Wuding (武定 wǔ dìng) 543-550 |
| Bei (Northern) Qi Dynasty 北齐 550-577 | |||
| Convention: Bei (Northern) Qi + posthumous name | |||
| Wen Xuan Di (文宣帝 wén xuān dì) | Gao Yang (高洋 gāo yáng) | 550-559 | Tianbao (天保 tiān bǎo) 550-559 |
| Fei Di (廢帝 fèi dì) | Gao Yin (高殷 gāo yīn) | 559-560 | Qianming (乾明 qián míng) 560 |
| Xiao Zhao Di (孝昭帝 xiào zhāo dì) | Gao Yan (高演 gāo yǎn) | 560-561 | Huangjian (皇建 huáng jiàn) 560-561 |
| Wu Cheng Di (武成帝 wǔ chéng dì) | Gao Dan (高湛 gāo dān) | 561-565 | Taining (太寧 tài níng) 561-562 Heqing (河清 hé qīng) 562-565 |
| Hou Zhu (後主 hòu zhǔ) | Gao Wei (高緯 gāo wěi) | 565-577 | Tiantong (天統 tiān tǒng) 565-569 Wuping (武平 wǔ píng) 570-576 Longhua (隆化 lóng huà) 576 |
| You Zhu (幼主 yòu zhǔ) | Gao Heng (高恆 gāo héng) | 577 | Chengguang (承光 chéng guāng) 577 |
| Fan Yang Wang (范陽王 fàn yáng wáng) | Gao Shaoyi (高紹義 gāo shào yì) | 577-579? | Did not exist |
| Xi (Western) Wei Dynasty 西魏 535-556 | |||
| Convention: Xi (Western) Wei + posthumous name | |||
| Wen Di (文帝 wén dì) | Yuan Baoju (元寶炬 yuán bǎo jù) | 535-551 | Datong (大統 dà tǒng) 535-551 |
| Fei Di (廢帝 fèi dì) | Yuan Qin (元欽 yuán qīn) | 552-554 | Did not exist |
| Gong Di (恭帝 gōng dì) | Tuoba Kuo (拓拔廓 tuò bá kuò) | 554-556 | Did not exist |
| Bei (Northern) Zhou Dynasty 北周 557-581 | |||
| Convention: Bei (Northern) Zhou + posthumous name | |||
| Xiao Min Di (孝閔帝 xiào mǐn dì) | Yuwen Jue (宇文覺 yǔ wén jué) | 557 | Did not exist |
| Ming Di (明帝 míng dì) or Xiao Ming Di (孝明帝 xiào míng dì) | Yuwen Yu (宇文毓 yǔ wén yù) | 557-560 | Wucheng (武成 wǔ chéng) 559-560 |
| Wu Di (武帝 wǔ dì) | Yuwen Yong (宇文邕 yǔ wén yōng) | 561-578 | Baoding (保定 bǎo dìng) 560-565 Tianhe (天和 tiān hé) 566-572 Jiande (建德 jiàn dé) 572-578 Xuanzheng (宣政 xuān zhèng) 578 |
| Xuan Di (宣帝 xuān dì) | Yuwen Yun (宇文贇 yǔ wén yūn) | 578-579 | Dacheng (大成 dà chéng) 579 |
| Jing Di (靜帝 jìng dì) | Yuwen Chan (宇文闡 yǔ wén chǎn) | 579-581 | Daxiang (大象 dà xiàng) 579-581 Dading (大定 dà dìng) 581 |
| Southern dynasty 南朝 420-589 | |||
| Song Dynasty 刘宋 (420-479) | |||
| Convention: Song + posthumous name, sometimes except Liu Yu who was referred using personal name. | |||
| Wu Di (武帝 wǔ dì) | Liu Yu (劉裕 liú yù) | 420-422 | Yongchu (永初 yǒng chū) 420-422 |
| Shao Di (少帝 shào dì) | Liu Yifu (劉義符 liú yì fú) | 423-424 | Jingping (景平 jǐng píng) 423-424 |
| Wen Di (文帝 wén dì) | Liu Yilong (劉義隆 liú yì lóng) | 424-453 | Yuanjia (元嘉 yuán jiā) 424-453 |
| Xiaowu (孝武帝 xiaò wǔ dì) | Liu Jun (劉駿 liú jùn) | 454-464 | Xiaojian (元嘉 xiaō jiàn 454-456 Daming (大明 dà míng) 457-464 |
| Qian Fei Di (前廢帝 qián feì dì) | Liu Ziye (劉子業 liú zǐ yè) | 465 | Yongguang (永光 yǒng guāng) 465 Jinghe (景和 jǐng hé) 465 |
| Ming Di (明帝 míng dì) | Liu Yu (劉彧 liú yù) | 465-472 | Taishi (泰始 taì shǐ) 465-471 Taiyu (泰豫 taì yù) 472 |
| Houfei Di (後廢帝 hoù feì dì) or Cangwu Wang (蒼梧王 cāng wú wáng) | Liu Yu (劉昱 liú yù) | 473-477 | Yuanhui (元徽 yuán huī) 473-477 |
| Shun Di (順帝 shùn dì) | Liu Zhun (劉準 liú zhǔn) | 477-479 | Shengming (昇明 shēng míng) 477-479 |
| Qi Dynasty 齐 479-502 | |||
| Convention: Qi + posthumous name | |||
Emperor Gao of Southern Qi
|
Xiao Daocheng (蕭道成 xiāo dào chēng | 479-482 | Jianyuan (建元 jiàn yuán) 479-482 |
Emperor Wu of Southern Qi
|
Xiao Ze (蕭賾 xiāo zé) | 482-493 | Yongming (永明 yǒng míng) 483-493 |
Prince of Yulin
|
Xiao Zhaoye (蕭昭業 xiāo zhāo yè) | 493-494 | Longchang (隆昌 lóng chāng) 494 |
Prince of Hailing
|
Xiao Zhaowen (蕭昭文 xiāo zhāo wén) | 494 | Yanxing (延興 yán xīng) 494 |
Emperor Ming of Southern Qi - Ming Di
|
Xiao Luan (蕭鸞 xiāo luán) | 494-498 | Jianwu (建武 jiàn wǔ) 494-498 Yongtai (永泰 yǒng tài) 498 |
Marquess of Donghun - Dong Hun Hou
|
Xiao Baojuan (蕭寶卷 xiāo bǎo juǎn) | 499-501 | Yongyuan (永元 yǒng yuán) 499-501 |
Emperor He of Southern Qi - He Di
|
Xiao Baorong (蕭寶融 xiāo bào róng) | 501-502 | Zhongxing (中興 zhōng xīng) 501-502 |
| Liang Dynasty 梁 (502-557) | |||
| Convention: Liang + posthumous name | |||
Emperor Wu of Liang - Wu Di
|
Xiao Yan (蕭衍 Xiāo Yǎn) | 502-549 | Tianjian (天監 tiān-jiān) 502-519 Putong (普通 pǔ-tōng) 520-527 Datong (大通 dà-tōng) 527-529 Zhongdatong (中大通 zhōng-dà-tōng) 529-534 Datong (大同 dà-tóng) 535-546 Zhongdatong (中大同 zhōng-dà-tóng) 546-547 Taiqing (太清 tài-qīng) 547-549 |
Emperor Jianwen of Liang - Jianwen Di
|
Xiao Gang (蕭綱 xiāo gāng) | 549-551 | Dabao (大寶 dà bǎo) 550-551 |
Prince of Yuzhang - Yu Zhang Wang
|
蕭棟 xiāo dòng | 551-552 | Tianzheng (天正 tiān zhèng) 551-552 |
Emperor Yuan of Liang - Yuan Di
|
蕭繹 xiāo yì | 552-555 | Chengsheng (承聖 chéng shèng) 552-555 |
Marquess of Zhenyang - Zhen Yang Hou
|
蕭淵明 xiāo yuān míng | 555 | Tiancheng (天成 tiān chéng) 555 |
Emperor Jing of Liang - Jing Di
|
蕭方智 xiāo fāng zhì | 555-557 | Shaotai (紹泰 shào tài) 555-556 Taiping (太平 tài píng) 556-557 |
| Chen Dynasty 陈 557-589 | |||
| Convention: Chen + posthumous name | |||
| Emperor Wu of Chen - Wu Di (武帝 wǔ dì) | Chen Baxian (陳霸先 chén bà xiān) | 557-559 | Yongding (永定 yǒng dìng) 557-559 |
| Emperor Wen of Chen - Wen Di (文帝 wén dì) | Chen Qian (陳蒨 chén qiàn) | 559-566 | Tianjia (天嘉 tiān jiā) 560-566 Tiankang (天康 tiān kāng) 566 |
| Emperor Fei of Chen - Fei Di (廢帝 fèi dì) | Chen Bozong (陳伯宗 chén bó zōng) | 566-568 | Guangda (光大 guāng dà) 566-568 |
| Emperor Xuan of Chen - Xuan Di (宣帝 xuān dì) | Chen Xu (陳頊 chén xū) | 569-582 | Taijian (太建 tài jiàn) 569-582 |
| Houzhu (後主 hòu zhǔ) | Chen Shubao (陳叔寶 chén shú bǎo) | 583-589 | Zhide (至德 zhì dé) 583-586 Zhenming (禎明 zhēn míng) 587-589 |
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 ) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) | Personal Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: Nan (Southern) Liang + posthumous name | ||||
| Note: some historians set Nan Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by descendants of the Xiao's, the ruling family of the Liang Dynasty. | ||||
| Zhong Zong (中宗 zhōng zōng) | Xuan Di (宣帝 xuān dì) | Xiao Cha (蕭詧 xiāo chá) | 555-562 | Dading (大定 dà dìng) 555-562 |
| Shi Zong (世宗 shì zōng) | Xiao Ming Di (孝明帝 xiào míng dì) | Xiao Kui (蕭巋 xiāo kuī) | 562-585 | Tianbao (天保 tiān bǎo) 562-585 |
| Did not exist | Xiao Jing Di (孝靖帝 xiào jìng dì) or Ju Gong (莒公 jǔ gōng) | Xiao Cong (蕭琮 xiāo cóng) | 585-587 | Guangyun (廣運 guǎng yùn) 562-585 |
Read more about this topic: List Of Chinese Monarchs
Famous quotes containing the words northern, southern and/or dynasties:
“The note of the white-throated sparrow, a very inspiriting but almost wiry sound, was first heard in the morning, and with this all the woods rang. This was the prevailing bird in the northern part of Maine. The forest generally was alive with them at this season, and they were proportionally numerous and musical about Bangor. They evidently breed in that State.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“I think those Southern writers [William Faulkner, Carson McCullers] have analyzed very carefully the buildup in the South of a special consciousness brought about by the self- condemnation resulting from slavery, the humiliation following the War Between the States and the hope, sometimes expressed timidly, for redemption.”
—Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter, Jr.)
“All forms of government symbolize an immortal government, common to all dynasties and independent of numbers, perfect where two men exist, perfect where there is only one man.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)