Effects On Caramelization
The process is temperature-dependent. Specific sugars each have their own point at which the reactions begin to proceed readily.
| Sugar | Temperature |
|---|---|
| Fructose | 110°C, 230°F |
| Galactose | 160°C, 320°F |
| Glucose | 160°C, 320°F |
| Sucrose | 160°C, 320°F |
| Maltose | 180°C, 356°F |
The caramelization reactions are also sensitive to the chemical environment. By controlling the level of acidity (pH), the reaction rate (or the temperature at which the reaction occurs readily) can be altered. The rate of caramelization is generally lowest at near-neutral acidity (pH around 7), and accelerated under both acidic (especially pH below 3) and basic (especially pH above 9) conditions.
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