Botulinum toxin is a protein and neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxin can cause botulism, a serious and life-threatening illness in humans and animals. When introduced intravenously in monkeys, type A (Botox Cosmetic) of the toxin exhibits an LD50 of 40–56 ng, type C1 around 32 ng, type D 3200 ng, and type E 88 ng; these are some of the most potent neurotoxins known. Popularly known by one of its trade names, Botox, it is used for various cosmetic and medical procedures. Botulinum toxin can be absorbed from eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory tract or non-intact skin.
Read more about Botulinum Toxin: History, Therapeutic Research, Denaturing, Sources, Chemical Overview and Lethality, Medical and Cosmetic Uses, Biochemical Mechanism of Toxicity, Treatment of Botulinum Poisoning, Manufacturers
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... The most commonly used treatment for spasmodic torticollis is the use of botulinum toxin injection in the dystonic musculature ... Botulinum toxin type A is most often used it prevents the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic axon of the motor end plate, paralyzing the dystonic muscle ... With botulinum toxin injections, patients experience relief from spasmodic torticollis for approximately 12 to 16 weeks ...
... The story revolves around the theft of two germ warfare agents, botulinum toxin and the indestructible "Satan Bug" (a laboratory-conceived derivative of poliovirus), from the Mordon Microbiological Research ... The villain releases botulinum toxin over an evacuated area of East Anglia, killing hundreds of livestock and proving that his threat to use the Satan Bug should be taken seriously ... hostage to capture Cavell and several police officers and attempts to kill them with botulinum toxin ...
... Dysport, a therapeutic formulation of the type A toxin developed and manufactured in Ireland, is licensed for the treatment of focal dystonias and certain cosmetic uses in the US ... Institute (China) manufactures a BTX-A product, producing 50-unit and 100-unit type A toxin ... Merz manufactures the toxin and sells it under the trade name Xeomin ...
... Botulinum toxin Botulinum toxin is one of the deadliest toxins known, and is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum ... Furthermore, the toxin is readily available worldwide due to its cosmetic applications in injections ...