Alcinae - Systematics

Systematics

Family Alcidae (=Pan-Alcidae)

• Basal and incertae sedis
  • Alcodes (fossil: Late Miocene of Orange County, USA)
  • Hydrotherikornis (fossil: Late Eocene of Oregon, USA) – disputed
  • "Mancalla" diegensis (fossil: Middle Pliocene of California, USA)
  • "Mancalla" milleri (fossil)
  • "Mancalla" emlongi (fossil)
  • Pseudocepphus (fossil: Middle - Late Miocene) – basal Alcinae?
  • Subfamily Petralcinae (fossil) – disputed
    • Petralca (Early ?- Late Oligocene of Austria)
  • Subfamily Mancallinae (fossil)
    • Praemancalla (Late Miocene - Early Pliocene of Orange County, USA)
    • Mancalla (Late Miocene - Early Pleistocene of W North America)
    • Miomancalla
• Family Alcidae (crown group)
  • Basal and incertae sedis
    • Miocepphus (fossil: Middle Miocene of CE USA)
  • Subfamily Alcinae
    • Tribe Alcini – typical auks and murres
      • Uria
        • Common Guillemot or Common Murre, Uria aalge
        • Brunnich's Guillemot or Thick-billed Murre, Uria lomvia
      • Little Auk or Dovekie, Alle alle
      • Great Auk, Pinguinus impennis (extinct, c.1844)
      • Razorbill, Alca torda
    • Tribe Synthliboramphini – synthliboramphine murrelets
      • Synthliboramphus
        • Xantus's Murrelet, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus – sometimes separated in Endomychura
        • Craveri's Murrelet, Synthliboramphus craveri – sometimes separated in Endomychura
        • Ancient Murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus
      • Japanese Murrelet, Synthliboramphus wumizusume
    • Tribe Cepphini – true guillemots
      • Cepphus
        • Black Guillemot or Tystie, Cepphus grylle
        • Pigeon Guillemot, Cepphus columba
          • Kurile Guillemot, Cepphus (columba) snowi
        • Spectacled Guillemot, Cepphus carbo
    • Tribe Brachyramphini – brachyramphine murrelets
      • Brachyramphus
        • Marbled Murrelet, Brachyramphus marmoratus
        • Long-billed Murrelet Brachyramphus perdix
        • Kittlitz's Murrelet, Brachyramphus brevirostris
  • Subfamily Fraterculinae
    • Tribe Aethiini – auklets
      • Ptychoramphus
        • Cassin's Auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus
      • Aethia
        • Parakeet Auklet, Aethia psittacula
        • Crested Auklet, Aethia cristatella
        • Whiskered Auklet, Aethia pygmaea
        • Least Auklet, Aethia pusilla
    • Tribe Fraterculini – puffins
      • Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata
      • Fratercula
        • Atlantic Puffin, Fratercula arctica
        • Horned Puffin, Fratercula corniculata
        • Tufted Puffin, Fratercula cirrhata

Biodiversity of auks seems to have been markedly higher during the Pliocene. See the genus accounts for prehistoric species.