Stuart (1567–1651)
The Stewarts of Lennox were a junior branch of the Stewart family; they were not, however, direct male line descendants of Robert II, the first Stewart who became King of Scots, but rather that of his ancestor Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland. In the past, through the means of the Auld Alliance with France, they had adapted their surname to the French form, Stuart. Consequently, when the son of the Earl of Lennox, Henry, Lord Darnley, married the Queen of Scots, Mary I, their son, as the first King of the Lennox branch of the Stewart family, ruled as a Stuart.
James VI also became King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603, when his cousin Elizabeth I died; thereafter, although the two crowns of England and Scotland remained separate, the monarchy was based chiefly in England.
Charles I, James's son, found himself faced with Civil War; the resultant conflict lasted eight years, and ended in his execution. The English Parliament then decreed their monarchy to be at an end; the Scots Parliament, after some deliberation, broke their links with England, and declared that Charles II, son and heir of Charles I, would become King. He ruled until 1651; however, the armies of Oliver Cromwell occupied Scotland and drove him into exile.
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death | Dynastic status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
James VI 1567–1625 |
19 June 1566 Edinburgh Castle son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary I |
Anne of Denmark Old Bishop's Palace, Oslo, Norway 23 November 1589 seven children |
27 March 1625 Theobalds House, Hertfordshire, England aged 58 |
son of Mary I (primogeniture) | |
Charles I 1625–1649 |
19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline son of James VI and Anne of Denmark |
Henrietta Maria of France St Augustine's Church, Canterbury, England 13 June 1625 nine children |
30 January 1649 Palace of Whitehall, London, England aged 48 (executed) |
son of James VI (primogeniture) | |
Charles II 1649–1651 |
29 May 1630 St James's Palace, London, England son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France |
Catherine of Braganza Portsmouth, England 14 May 1662 no children |
6 February 1685 Palace of Whitehall, London, England aged 54 |
son of Charles I (primogeniture) |
Read more about this topic: Scottish Monarchy, List of Monarchs of Scotland, House of Stewart/Stuart
Famous quotes containing the word stuart:
“... while I may paint in the tints or outlines of rocks and beaches, dawns and harbor, fleet and wharf, I never draw portraits of my neighbors or of my friends.”
—Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (18441911)