Minkowski Metric

Alternatives To General Relativity - Early Theories, 1686 To 1916
... Henri Poincaré (1905, 1906), Hermann Minkowski (1908), and Arnold Sommerfeld (1910) tried to modify Newton's theory and to establish a Lorentz invariant gravitational law, in which the speed of ... It includes the principle of least action where is the Minkowski metric, and there is a summation from 1 to 4 over indices and ... approach of Nordström (1912) was to retain the Minkowski metric and a constant value of but to let mass depend on the gravitational field strength ...

Lorentz Scalar - Simple Scalars in Special Relativity - The Length of A Position Vector
... proper time as measured by a clock in the rest frame of the particle and the metric is given by ... This is a time-like metric ... Often the Minkowski metric is used in which the signs of the ones are reversed ...

Postulates Of Special Relativity - Mathematical Formulation of The Postulates
... spacetime M is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold equipped with a metric g of signature (1,3), which is given by the Minkowski metric when measured in each inertial reference frame ... This metric is viewed as one of the physical quantities of the theory, thus it transforms in a certain manner when the frame of reference is changed, and it can be legitimately used in describing ... frame of reference for which g is given by the Minkowski metric ...