The European Space Agency (ESA) (French: l'Agence spatiale européenne - ASE; German: Europäische Weltraumorganisation), often stylized as esa, established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 20 member states. Headquartered in Paris, ESA has a staff of more than 2,000 with an annual budget of about €4.02 billion / US$5.38 billion (2012).
ESA's space flight program includes human spaceflight, mainly through the participation in the International Space Station program, the launch and operations of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon, Earth observation, science, telecommunication as well as maintaining a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana, and designing launch vehicles. The main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 is operated through Arianespace with ESA sharing in the costs of launching and further developing this launch vehicle.
ESA science missions are based at ESTEC in Noordwijk, Netherlands, Earth Observation missions at ESRIN in Frascati, Italy, ESA Mission Control (ESOC) is in Darmstadt, Germany, the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) that trains astronauts for future missions is situated in Cologne, Germany, and the European Space Astronomy Centre is located in Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain.
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... Eagle Scout, 1952 National Space Club Goddard Award, 1991 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1992 Rotary National Award for Space Achievement National Space Trophy, 1992 ... Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award in 2002 ... The highest honor bestowed by the Space Foundation, the award recognizes outstanding individuals who have distinguished themselves through lifetime ...
... Psychologists first began to study the way space is perceived in the middle of the 19th century ... Psychologists analyzing the perception of space are concerned with how recognition of an object's physical appearance or its interactions are perceived, see, for example, visual space ... as well as simply one's idea of personal space ...
... Atomic Energy Commission and NASA managed by the Space Nuclear Propulsion Office (SNPO) until both the program and the office ended at the end of 1972 ... nuclear thermal rocket engines were a feasible and reliable tool for space exploration, and at the end of 1968 SNPO certified that the latest NERVA engine, the NRX/XE, met the ... space program was cancelled by the Nixon Administration before a manned visit to Mars could take place ...
... Let Λ be an integral lattice in Euclidean space X = RN, i.e ... The underlying space S has a unique inner product structure for which vn* = v–n ... The vector space V of the vertex superalgebra is defined by The operators vn with n non-zero act on S ⊗ eα exactly as they act on S, The operators v0 act as scalars on S ...
... Russian Federation (5 February 2009) - for courage and heroism during space flight Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) - for great achievements in the field of research ...
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“Is thy home European or Asian,
O mystical monster marine?”
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