New Quantum Cryptography Speed Record

Symmetric-key Algorithm ... Encrypting a message does not guarantee that this message is not changed while encrypted. Hence often a message authentication code is added to a ciphertext to ensure that changes to the ciphertext will be noted by the receiver...

Cryptanalysis ... Cryptanalysis is also used to refer to any attempt to circumvent the security of other types of cryptographic algorithms and protocols in general, and not just encryption. However, cryptanalysis usually excludes methods of attack that do not primarily target weaknesses in the actual cryptography, such as bribery, physical coercion, burglary, keystroke logging, and social engineering, although these types of attack are an important concern and are often more effective than traditional cryptanalysis...

World War II Cryptography ... Probably the most important cryptographic event of the war was the successful decryption by the Allies of the German "Enigma" Cipher. The first complete break into Enigma was accomplished by Poland around 1932; the techniques and insights used were passed to the French and British Allies just before the outbreak of the War in 1939...

List Of Cryptographers ... Julius Caesar, Roman general/politician, has the Caesar cipher is named after him, and a lost work on cryptography by Probus (probably Valerius Probus) is claimed to have covered his use of military cryptography in some detail...

Cryptography Law ... Some countries prohibit export of cryptography software and/or encryption algorithms or cryptoanalysis methods... France As of 2011 and since 2004, the law for trust in the digital economy (LCEN) mostly liberalized the use of cryptography... Especially: As long as cryptography is only used for authentication and integrity purposes, it can be freely used...

Cryptography ... Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense... Modern cryptography is heavily based on mathematical theory and computer science practice; cryptographic algorithms are designed around computational hardness assumptions, making such algorithms hard to break in practice by any adversary...

List Of Algorithms ... jobs) based on their dependencies. Graph drawing Further information: Graph drawing Force-based algorithms (also known as force-directed algorithms or spring-based algorithm) Spectral layout Network theory Further information: Network theory Network analysis Link analysis Girvan–Newman algorithm: detect communities in complex systems Web link analysis Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) (also known as Hubs and authorities) PageRank TrustRank PRW, PFW Flow networks Dinic's algorithm: is a strongly polynomial algorithm for computing the maximum flow in a flow network...

Public-key Cryptography ... This cryptographic approach uses asymmetric key algorithms such as RSA, hence the more general name of "asymmetric key cryptography". Some of these algorithms have the public key/private key property; that is, neither key is derivable from knowledge of the other; not all asymmetric key algorithms do...

Export Of Cryptography ... In the early days of the Cold War, the U. S. and its allies developed an elaborate series of export control regulations designed to prevent a wide range of Western technology from falling into the hands of others, particularly the Eastern bloc...

Quantum Computer ... Although quantum computing is still in its infancy, experiments have been carried out in which quantum computational operations were executed on a very small number of qubits (quantum bits). Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum computers for both civilian and national security purposes, such as cryptanalysis...

Radio-frequency Identification ... RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line...

History Of Cryptography ... The development of cryptography has been paralleled by the development of cryptanalysis — the "breaking" of codes and ciphers... Two events have since brought it squarely into the public domain: the creation of a public encryption standard (DES), and the invention of public-key cryptography... Classical cryptography See also: Classical cipher The earliest known use of cryptography is found in non-standard hieroglyphs carved into monuments from the Old Kingdom of Egypt circa 1900 BC...