Bad Data Warning Over Public Gene Databases

Database Theory ... Theoretical aspects of data management include, among other areas, the foundations of query languages, computational complexity and expressive power of queries, finite model theory, database design theory, dependency theory, foundations of concurrency control and database recovery, deductive databases, temporal and spatial databases, real time databases, managing uncertain data and probabilistic databases, and Web data. Most research work has traditionally been based on the relational model, since this model is usually considered the simplest and most foundational model of interest...

Concurrency Control ... Concurrency control in databases Comments: This section is applicable to all transactional systems, i.e., to all systems that use database transactions (atomic transactions; e.g., transactional objects in Systems management and in networks of smartphones which typically implement private, dedicated database systems), not only general-purpose database management systems (DBMSs)... 1987, Weikum and Vossen 2001), other transactional objects, and related distributed applications (e.g., Grid computing and Cloud computing) ensures that database transactions are performed concurrently without violating the data integrity of the respective databases...

Privacy ... The right not to be subjected to unsanctioned invasion of privacy by the government, corporations or individuals is part of many countries' privacy laws, and in some cases, constitutions. Almost all countries have laws which in some way limit privacy; an example of this would be law concerning taxation, which normally require the sharing of information about personal income or earnings...

Real-time Database ... Real-time databases can process these requests utilizing scheduling algorithms for concurrency control, prioritizing both students’ requests in some way...

Machine Learning ... Association rule learning Association rule learning is a method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases...

Natural Language Processing ... Whether NLP is distinct from, or identical to, the field of computational linguistics is a matter of perspective. The Association for Computational Linguistics defines the latter as focusing on the theoretical aspects of NLP...

Speech Recognition ... Speech recognition applications include voice user interfaces such as voice dialing (e.g., "Call home"), call routing (e.g., "I would like to make a collect call"), domotic appliance control, search (e.g., find a podcast where particular words were spoken), simple data entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), preparation of structured documents (e.g., a radiology report), speech-to-text processing (e.g., word processors or emails), and aircraft (usually termed Direct Voice Input). The term voice recognition refers to finding the identity of "who" is speaking, rather than what they are saying...

Object-relational Database ... An object-relational database can be said to provide a middle ground between relational databases and object-oriented databases (OODBMS)... Overview The basic goal for the Object-relational database is to bridge the gap between relational databases and the object-oriented modeling techniques used in programming languages such as Java, C++, Visual Basic . NET or C#...

Graph Database ... Nodes represent entities such as people, businesses, accounts, or any other item you might want to keep track of.. ...

XML Database ... Native XML (NXD): the internal model of such databases depends on XML and uses XML documents as the fundamental unit of storage, which are, however, not necessarily stored in the form of text files... Rationale for XML in databases O'Connell gives one reason for the use of XML in databases: the increasingly common use of XML for data transport, which has meant that "data is extracted from databases and put into XML documents and vice-versa"... Many NXDs do not function as standalone databases at all, and do not really store the native (text) form...

Computer Vision ... Applications range from tasks such as industrial machine vision systems which, say, inspect bottles speeding by on a production line, to research into artificial intelligence and computers or robots that can comprehend the world around them. The computer vision and machine vision fields have significant overlap...

Data Manipulation Language ... A popular data manipulation language is that of Structured Query Language (SQL), which is used to retrieve and manipulate data in a relational database. Other forms of DML are those used by IMS/DLI, CODASYL databases, such as IDMS and others...

Book ... Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspapers...

Database Machine ... It is specially designed for database access and is coupled to the main (front-end) computer (s) by a high-speed channel. This contrasts with a database server, which is a computer in a local area network that holds a database...

Database ... A general-purpose DBMS is typically a complex software system that meets many usage requirements, and the databases that it maintains are often large and complex... The utilization of databases is now spread to such a wide degree that virtually every technology and product relies on databases and DBMSs for its development and commercialization, or even may have such embedded in it... Also, organizations and companies, from small to large, heavily depend on databases for their operations...

Radio-frequency Identification ... RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line...

Database Audit ... General Principles for Developing an Audit Strategy: Evaluate your purpose for auditing – In order to have an appropriate auditing strategy and to avoid unnecessary auditing, you must have a clear understanding of the reasons for auditing. Audit knowledgeably – In order to prevent unnecessary audit information from cluttering the meaningful information, it is important to audit the minimum number of statements, users, or objects required to get the targeted information...

Temporal Database ... More specifically the temporal aspects usually include valid-time and transaction-time. These attributes go together to form bitemporal data...

Search Engine Technology ... Database Search Engines Searching for text-based content in databases presents some special challenges and opportunities which a number of specialized search engines resolve... Databases allow logical queries which full-text search doesn't (use of multi-field boolean logic for instance)... Database search systems relational databases are indexed by compounding multiple tables into a single table containing only the fields that need to be queried (or displayed in search results)...

Website ... A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors...

Federated Database System ... McLeod and Heimbigner were among the first to define a federated database system, as one which "define the architecture and interconnect databases that minimize central authority yet support partial sharing and coordination among database systems"... Through data abstraction, federated database systems can provide a uniform user interface, enabling users and clients to store and retrieve data in multiple noncontiguous databases with a single query -- even if the constituent databases are heterogeneous... Note: this description of federated databases does not accurately reflect the McLeod/Heimbigner definition of a federated database...

Embedded Database ... It is actually a broad technology category that includes database systems with differing application programming interfaces (SQL as well as proprietary, native APIs); database architectures (client/server and in-process); storage modes (on-disk, in-memory and combined); database models (relational, object-oriented, Entity-Attribute-Value model and network/CODASYL); and target markets. The term "embedded database" can be confusing because only a small subset of embedded database products is used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics devices...

Spatial Database ... While typical databases can understand various numeric and character types of data, additional functionality needs to be added for databases to process spatial data types... Features of spatial databases Database systems use indexes to quickly look up values and the way that most databases index data is not optimal for spatial queries... In addition to typical SQL queries such as SELECT statements, spatial databases can perform a wide variety of spatial operations...

Database Model ... Common models include: Hierarchical model Network model Relational model Entity-relationship Object-relational model Object model A data model is not just a way of structuring data: it also defines a set of operations that can be performed on the data. The relational model, for example, defines operations such as select (project) and join...